MCDB 310 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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blushprairie-dog461

20 Nov 2018

School

U of M

Department

Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology

Course

MCDB 310

Professor

Kenneth Balazovich

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Document Summary

Mcdb 310 exam 3 need to know guide: note the four pathways of glucose utilization, which are called fates (figure 14-1), glucose can be oxidized to pyruvate through glycolysis. One molecule of glucose produces two molecules of pyruvate. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals. Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants and sucrose is the transport form of glucose in plants. It is strongly favored to go to lactate, but is still reversible: proceeds under anaerobic conditions, ethanolic fermentation, only in yeast, 2 steps, first, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde using pyruvate decarboxylase. This reaction requires tpp and mg2+ as cofactors and releases co2. The second step uses alcohol dehydrogenase the addition of nadh + h+ to produce nad+ and ethanol. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate will be made into acetyl-coa to proceed to the citric acid cycle. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate can undergo fermentation, either lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation.

Related Questions

13.

Carbon fixation in plants refers to _____.

the reaction between any two carbon containing molecules.

the breakdown of glucose.

the synthesis of carbon dioxide.

the reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP.

14.

The electrons that are excited by light energy in photosystems II and I are eventually used to_____.

breakdown RuBP

convert glucose to carbon dioxide

breakdown starch into glucose

reduce NADP+ to NADPH

15.

The light reaction of photosynthesis occurs in the ______.

thylakoid membranes

stroma

cytoplasm

matrix

16.

The final product of the Calvin cycle is ______.

		citrate
		G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
		lactate
		pyruvate

Can somebody check if my answer is rght? Thank you

Complex carbohydrates

Indicate whether each of the following statements about polysaccharides is True or False.

1. Polysaccharides are long polymers made of many nucleotides that have been joined through dehydration synthesis. False
2. Cellulose is the main storage polysaccharide in plants while glycogen is an important storage polysaccharide in many animals. False
3. Both starch and glycogen are composed of Î±-glucose subunits. True
4. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, which are unbranched and branched chains of Î±-glucose subunits, respectively. False
5. Like amylopectin, glycogen is insoluble in water, but it has a longer average chain length and fewer branches. True
6. Although some polysaccharides are used to store energy, others serve as structural material for cells. True
7. The principal structural polysaccharide in plants is starch. True
8. Cellulose is composed of a long, branched chain of Î²-glucose subunits. True
9. The starch-hydrolyzing enzymes produced by most organisms cannot break the bond between two Î± -glucose subunits because they only recognize Î² linkages. False
10. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of many fungi. True

please i need help with this qustions answer the multiple choice that is all and be clear not writes un clear stuff just asnswer the qustions please

Question 1

Starch is: (select all the correct answers)

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants

an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

a structural carbohydrate in plants

a polymer of glucose

Question 2

The monomers in starch are joined together by which type of linkage?

beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage

alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage

alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkage

Question 3