ESPM 1011 Study Guide - Species Richness, Biome, Western United States

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sapphireraccoon496

30 Oct 2014

School

UMN

Department

Environment Sci, Policy, Mgmt

Course

ESPM 1011

Professor

All

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Document Summary

List and describe the three levels of biodiversity: biodiversity is the sum of total of all organisms in an area, taking into account the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities. There are there levels of biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity is the number of variety of species in the world or in a particular region. Some components of species diversity are species richness (the number of species), and evenness or relative abundance (the extent to which numbers of individuals of different species are equal or skewed). Genetic diversity encompasses the difference in dna composition among individuals within species and populations. This is what provides the raw material for adaptation to local conditions, and better enables them to cope with environmental change. Can you give a specific example of each: the five primary causes of biodiversity loss are: habitat alteration, invasive species, pollution, overharvesting, and climate change.

Related Questions

Match the term with the correct description.

Locavore

Genetic diversity

Species diversity

Ecological diversity

Reproductive isolation

Biodiversity hotspots

Natural extinction

Endangered

Threatened

Vulnerable

a.	Measures richness and complexity of a community
b.	Those that are naturally rare or have been locally depleted to a level that puts them at risk
c.	Measures variety of different versions of same genes within a species
d.	In undisturbed ecosystems, the background rate appears to be one species per decade
e.	Those likely to become endangered, at least locally, in the near future
f.	Organisms that breed in nature and produce fertile offspring
g.	Contain 75% of the worldâs most threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians
h.	A person who eats locally grown, seasonal food
i.	Considered to be in imminent danger of extinction
j.	Measures number of different kinds of organisms within a community

Please answer all the questions

In what way did Harlanâs theory give rise to Diamondâs theory?

It recognized agriculture might have developed by different mechanisms in different parts of the world.

Both make the assumption that hunter-gatherers were (and still are) superior to agriculturists.

It recognized the reason agriculture did not develop in certain parts of the world was because people lacked the intelligence or skill.

It is a basic case of scientific plagiarism - Diamonds theory is identical to Harlans theory.

It recognized that agricultural societies were healthier and better fed than hunter-gatherer societies.

If a plant can grow well all by itself in the wild, yet still retains desirable agronomic traits, the plant is ____________________.

Choose the single best answer

The inability of plants to move makes it difficult for them to:

Disperse seeds, defend themselves, and create oxygen.

Disperse seeds.

Disperse seeds and defend themselves.

Create oxygen.

Defend themselves.

Vavilov hypothesized that in a crop plant's area of origin we should expect:

Greater diversity for trans-domesticated species, but lower diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin.

Greater genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin.

Lower genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin.

Lower diversity for trans-domesticated species, but greater diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin.

Greater herbivore damage because of increased genetic diversity.

Brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are all different varieties of the same species, Brassica oleracea. This group of plants demonstrates that crop breeding can lead to:

Low within variety and high between variety diversity

High within variety and low between variety diversity

Low within variety diversity

High within variety and high between variety diversity

High between variety diversity

______________________ compounds are produced by plants, but are not necessary for the plant's immediate survival. However, they often help protect plants from being eaten.

In discussing the origin of agriculture, the term demographic stress refers to:

Lower productivity of un-cultivated plants due to late-Pleistocene cooling.

A higher incidence of religious practice in societies following the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

The situation where human populations are greater than the carrying capacity of the environment.

Hobbes's assertion that hunter-gatherer groups did not posses the knowledge or skills to develop agriculture.

That the stresses on pre-domesticated plant species led to the development of traits that result in the "domestication syndromeâ