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OCG 451 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Continental Crust, Oceanic Crust, S-Wave

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redherring401
18 Feb 2016
School
URI
Department
Oceanography
Course
OCG 451
Professor
David Smith, Lewis Rothstein

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Document Summary

Exam 1 study guide solution: lecture 3: earth structure, What are the two kinds of seismic waves and how do they differ? (seismology) P-waves are compression waves that travel in the longitudinal direction and propagate through all states of matter. P-waves arrive to seismograph stations first because they are pressure waves, which travel faster than other waves through the earth. On the other hand, s-waves oscillate at 90 degrees to the direction of travel, and can only propagate through solids. S- waves are shear wave that are transverse in nature, and are much slower than p-waves. S-waves cannot propagate through all states of matter they can create shadow zones, which are areas where the waves cannot travel. The layers of earth are inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. What are each of the layers comprised of? (stratification) Inner core- mostly iron, solid due to high pressure. Outer core- mostly iron, fluid due to lower pressure.

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Related Questions

Which statement about seismic waves is TRUE?

A) Only S waves can travel through liquid.

B) P waves travel faster, and thus arrive sooner than do the S waves.

C) In the shadow zones, neither type is observed.

D) S waves can travel through the outer core, but P waves cannot.

E) On the far side of the Earth, only the S waves on the surface can be detected.

In an earthquake, both S (transverse) and P (longitudinal) waves propagate from the focus of the earthquake. The focus is on the ground radially below the epicenter on the surface (Fig. (CQ16.9). Assume the waves move in straight lines through uniform material. The S waves travel through the Earth more slowly than the P waves (at about 5 km/s versus 8 km/s). By detecting the time of arrival of the waves at a seismograph.
(a) how can one determine the distance to the focus of the earthquake?
(b) How many detection stations are necessary to locate the focus unambiguously? 

In an earthquake, both S (transverse) and P (longitudinal) wave propagate from the focus of the earthquake. The focus is in the ground radially bellow the epicenter on the surface (Fig. (CQ16.9). 

Assume the waves move in straight lines through uniform material. The S waves travel through the Earth more slowly than the P waves (at about 5km/s versus 8km/s). By detecting the time of arrival of the waves at a seismograph. (a) how can one determine the distance to the focus of the earthquake? (b) How many detection stations are necessary to locate the focus unambiguously?