PSY-303 Study Guide - Final Guide: Tardive Dyskinesia, Delusional Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder
Final Study Guide
Chapter 11: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
• Symptoms:
o Positive Symptoms: Excess or an exaggeration of something
▪ Most common symptoms of scizo. spec. disorders
• Delusions: distorted beliefs or thoughts
o Persecution/Paranoia belief that one is being
attacked, followed, or controlled
o Grandeur when someone views themselves as having
high authority (“God”, Olympian”)
o Reference belief that external events are directly
related to them in some way
▪ Sitting on a bus and think the people talking are
talking about you
• Hallucinations: sensory perceptions experienced in the
absence of external stimulation
o Visual seeing things that aren’t there
o Auditory hearing things that aren’t there
▪ MOST COMMON
o Tactile Tingling, Burning, or Electrical sensation
o Causes are unknown
o Disturbances in dopamine
▪ Antipsychotic medications that block dopamine
reduce hallucinations
o Negative Symptoms: deficit or absence of something that is usually
present
▪ Lack of Emotion/Emotional Expression
• Flat Affect
• Exaggerated Affect
▪ Lack of Speech
• Alogia
• Minimal Verbal Communication
▪ Loss of Motivation:
• Avolition
• Difficulty beginning activites
▪ Lack of Pleasure
• Anhedonia
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2
▪ Less responsive to antipsychotic medications than positive
Symptoms
• Disorders (duration):
o Schizophrenia (Phases; Gender Differences)
▪ 2+ following Symptoms:
• Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized Speech,
Disorganized Behavior, Negative Symptoms
o Must have #1,2, or 3
▪ Duration: at least 6 months
▪ Not Curable
▪ Phases:
• Acute Onset: sudden onset of symptoms
o Rapid transformation of personality and behavior
o Residual Phase: Behavior returns to NORMAL, with
impairment in other areas
• Chronic Onset: slower, more gradual decline
o MORE common
o Prodromal Phase: gradual deterioration
▪ Subtle symptoms: unusual thoughts/abnonormal
perceptions
▪ Decreased interest
▪ Difficulty in daily functioning
• Men: Higher risk then women of developing the disorder
o Younger age
o Greater cognitive impairment
o More behavior deficits
o Medications: LESS effective
o Brief Psychotic Disorder
▪ 2+ Symptoms:
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized Speech
• Disorganized Behavior
o One of them must be #1,2,3
▪ Duration: 1 day to one month
▪ Cause: Traumatic Event
o Schizophreniform Disorder
▪ 2+ Symptoms:
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
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3
• Disorganized Speech
• Disorganized Behavior
• Negative Symptoms
o One of them must be #1,2,3
▪ Duration: ATLEAST 1 month, but LESS than 6 months
o Schizoaffective Disorder
▪ Schizophrenia PLUS major mood disorder
▪ Duration: delusions or hallucinations at least 2 WEEKS
o Delusional Disorder (Types of Delusions)
▪ Persistent delusional beliefs, often involving paranoid themes
▪ Duration: at least 1 month
▪ Types:
• Erotomaniacbelief a person of higher social status is in love
with you
• Grandiose
o inflated beliefs about one’s own worth, importance,
power, identity
• OR
o Have special relationship with deity (GOD) or famous
person
• Jealous misinterpretation of cues that lead to extreme
thoughts of jealousy
• Persecutory MOST COMMON
o Involve themes of being conspired against, follow, spied
on, poisoned, or mistreated
• Somatic delusions about the persons physical or medical
condition
• Mixed consist of more than one of the other types with no
predominant theme
• Causes: Biological and Family Perspectives-expressed emotion
o Biological Perspective:
▪ Genetic Factors:
• First Degree Relatives: 10X greater risk
• MZ Twins: (48%) vs DZ twins: (17%)
▪ Dopamine Hypothesis:
• OVER activity of dopamine
• Antipsychotic drugs decrease psychotic symptoms by reducing
dopamine activity
• Amphetamines (increase dopamine mimic paranoia)
o Ex: cocaine misuse
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Document Summary
Symptoms: disorders (duration), schizophrenia (phases; gender differences, 2+ following symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, 14% over the age of 85: mild or modest decline in cognitive functioning from a prior level, able to function independently and complete everyday tasks at home or work, majority do not develop ad. 4: major ncd, dementia, profound decline or deterioration in prior mental functioning, significant impairment of memory, thinking processes, attention, judgement, and specific cognitive deficits, most frequent cause: alzheimer"s disease, progressive and irreversible course, cognitive deficits of dementia: 5: alzheimer"s disease, early onset: before 65 genetic, late onset: after 65 genetic (apoe4, risk factors: Inheriting the gene: age-over 65 presents increasing risk, stroke, head injury, diabetes, high fat diet during middle adulthood. Inflammation: treatments, no cure, primary treatment: medications, slow progression of memory lss and retain cognitive abilities. 6: delays progression; not a cure, occurs between 50-69, depression common, ncd due to huntington"s disease, inherited degenerative disease from the progressive deterioration of the.
