BIOL 220 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Atomic-Force Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dark Field Microscopy
Biology 220
Quiz One Study
• Explain the importance of microbes and what they affect.
o Microbes live in us and on us
o Food, fermentation
o Ecosystem
• Explain some of the various contributions to microbiology
o Leeuwenhoek built the single lens magnifier and was the first to oserve these sall
aials
o Robert Hooke built the first compound microscope and coined the term cell
o Robert Koch made postulates and recognized the chain of infection
o Sergei Winogradksy discovered lithotrophs, developed enrichment culture, geochemical
cycling, Winogradksy column
o Carl Woese studied prokaryotes in hot springs and called them archaea
o Florence Nightengale made the polar area chart to show microbial disease was the main
cause of death
• Explain discovery and hypothesis driven science
o Discovery driven science is done by describing the natural world with verifiable data
o Hypothesis driven science is done by formulating a hypothesis to explain the natural
world
• Explain the different forms of microscopy
o Light microscopy can be used to explore the structures and functions of cells
o Dark field microscopy results in light specimen image on a dark background
o Phase contrast microscopy superimposes refracted light and transmitted light shifted
out of phase to reveal differences in refractive index as patters of light and dark
o Transmission electron microscopy allows electrons to pass through the specimen and
reveal internal structures
o Scanning electron microscopy allows electrons to scan the specimen surface revealing a
3D image
o Atomic force microscopy uses small vibrations that get translated into a topographical
image
• Explain various morphological forms for microbes
o Coccus: round
o Bacillus: rod
o Spirilla: spiral
• What liits a ell’s size
o Surface area/volume
• Explain why we use stains and the various stains
o Stains give cells a distinct color and make them more visible
o Simple stains add dark color to the cell; methylene blue
o Differential stains stain one kind of cell but not another
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