BSCI-1510 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Nadh Dehydrogenase, Kinesin, Ferredoxin
4 Apr 2016
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Inner mitochondrial membrane: 80% protein intermembrane space 75% water matrix 50% water chloroplasts 5-10 um long thylakoid membrane: grana chloroplasts are compared to cyanobacteria. In mitochondria: no cholesterol. just cardiolipin remember: mitochondria regulate ca concentration in mitochondria: oxidation in chloroplast: reduction. Atp: delta g in standard conditions -7. 3 kj/mol. Delta g in the cell is -12 kj/mol. Nad is an oxidizing agent (it gains electrons and is reduced) delta g is 15 kj/mol metabolic intermediates don t include nad, atp or coenzymes. Chemoheterotrophs: animals and bacteria photoautotrophs: plants, cyanobacteria and archaebacteria. In gluconeogenesis: pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate (1 atp)and then to pep (1 atp). Two pyruvates are needed to make one glucose : total consumption in gluconeogenesis is 4. Reactions one and three are reversed using different enzymes but no energy. 1 decarboxylation of pyruvate produces co2 and nadh. Irreversible reactions are: formation of acetyl coa, citrate, alpha ketoglutarate and succinyl.
