BIOL1130 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Meiosis, Hydrolysis, Nuclear Dna
28 May 2018
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Biomolecules include 4 main types
• Sugars
• Fatty acids
• Amino acids (form proteins) (made up of amino group, carboxyl group and R)
• Nucleotides ( building unit of nucleic acid)
• These 4 biomolecules synthesis nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), proteins , polysaccharides
and lipids.
Macromolecules (DNA and RNA)
• Made up from many subunits
• Are large molecules composed of repeating units assembled by
condensation/dehydration reactions (because water is taken)
• Monomers make up macromolecules
• Repeating units = monomers, form a polymer by removing a H2O each addition
• The reverse reaction – hydrolysis
Phospholipids and Glycolipids
• Basic components of biological membranes
DNA pentose sugar is called 2-deoxyribose
RNA pentose sugar is called ribose
Nucleic acids ( deoxyribose nucleic acid, ribose nucleic acid) (DNA/RNA)
• DNA and RNA are both polymers, they are all from monomers subunits.
• A class of molecules found in all cells (nucleic acid molecules are polymers)
• In protein synthesis, info stored in molecules of DNA is transcribed to form
complementary molecules for RNA, which is responsible for the assembling of
proteins.
• Ie organisms use gene sequences encoded in DNA to specify the sequences of a.a in
their proteins
• Ie sequence of nucleotides in a segment of DNA specify sequence of a.a of proteins
• Ie DNA serves as a template for synthesis of RNA for synthesis of protein.
• DNA is transcribed to mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. These RNA all assemble proteins.
• RNA decodes DNA to direct the formation of protein molecules
• In eukaryotic cells, mRNA molecules transport the message for building proteins
from DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery located in cytoplasm.
Nucleotides
• Build nucleic acid ( RNA/DNA)
• Nitrogenous base, pentose monosaccharide/ribose/deoxyribose, phosphate group
• Nitrogenous base- pyrimidines(single ring of CN)( U,C,T) /purines ( double ring of CN)
(A,G) (DNA)
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Document Summary
Phospholipids and glycolipids: basic components of biological membranes. Nucleic acids ( deoxyribose nucleic acid, ribose nucleic acid) (dna/rna: dna and rna are both polymers, they are all from monomers subunits, a class of molecules found in all cells (nucleic acid molecules are polymers) In protein synthesis, info stored in molecules of dna is transcribed to form complementary molecules for rna, which is responsible for the assembling of proteins. Ie organisms use gene sequences encoded in dna to specify the sequences of a. a in their proteins. Ie sequence of nucleotides in a segment of dna specify sequence of a. a of proteins. Ie dna serves as a template for synthesis of rna for synthesis of protein: dna is transcribed to mrna, trna and rrna. These rna all assemble proteins: rna decodes dna to direct the formation of protein molecules. In eukaryotic cells, mrna molecules transport the message for building proteins from dna to the protein-synthesizing machinery located in cytoplasm.
