PSYC1101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Encoding Specificity Principle, Sensory Memory, Implicit Memory
Document Summary
Memory as information processing: memory involves three main processes (encoding, storage and retrieval) and three main components (sensory, working and long-term memory). Some information reaches working memory and long-term memory, where it is mentally represented by visual, phonological, semantic or motor codes: working memory processes a limited amount of information and supports other cognitive functions. It has phonological, visuospatial, episodic and executive components. Long-term memory stores large amounts of information for up to a lifetime. Encoding: entering information: effortful processing involves intention and conscious attention. Automatic processing occurs without intention and requires minimal effort: deep processing enhances memory. Elaborative rehearsal provides deeper processing than maintenance rehearsal. Hierarchies, chunking, dual coding that includes visual imagery and other mnemonic devices facilitate deeper encoding. Schemas shape how we encode information and provide an important component of expertise. People who display exceptional memory take advantage of basic memory principles and mnemonic devices.
