CHEM 1F92 Chapter 11: Chapter 11.docx
Document Summary
Chapter 11: intermolecular forces and liquids and solids. 11. 1 the kinetic molecular theory of liquids and solids. In a solid, there are very strong forces of attraction between the molecules and extremely little empty space. In a system, two phases of the same substance can coexist (i. e. ice cubes in liquid water). Intermolecular forces are responsible for the non-ideal behaviour of gases. However, they have a greater effect on substances in the liquid and solid states: when the temperature of a gas decreases, the kavg of the gas molecules decreases. They include dipole-dipole (h- bonding), dipole-induced dipole, and induced dipole-induced dipole (london/dispersion forces): h-bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole force of attraction, van der waals forces are not the only types of intermolecular forces. Dipole-dipole forces: dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between polar molecules. In a polar substance, the molecules align in a way that maximizes the attractive interaction between these polar molecules.
