PSYC 1001 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Noam Chomsky, Problem Solving, Phoneme

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Co(cid:469)nition (cid:568)e(cid:468)e(cid:568)s to the mental p(cid:568)o(cid:428)esses in(cid:622)ol(cid:622)ed in a(cid:428)(cid:567)ui(cid:568)in(cid:469) kno(cid:623)led(cid:469)e van(cid:469)ua(cid:469)e: turnin(cid:469) thou(cid:469)hts into words. A lan(cid:469)ua(cid:469)e consists o(cid:468) s(cid:629)m(cid:427)ols that (cid:428)on(cid:622)e(cid:629) meanin(cid:469), plus (cid:568)ules (cid:468)o(cid:568) (cid:428)om(cid:427)inin(cid:469) those s(cid:629)m(cid:427)ols, that (cid:428)an (cid:427)e used to (cid:469)ene(cid:568)ate an in(cid:468)inite (cid:622)a(cid:568)iet(cid:629) o(cid:468) messa(cid:469)es. Van(cid:469)ua(cid:469)e s(cid:629)stems in(cid:428)lude a num(cid:427)e(cid:568) o(cid:468) (cid:428)(cid:568)iti(cid:428)al p(cid:568)ope(cid:568)ties. People use spoken sounds and (cid:623)(cid:568)itten (cid:623)o(cid:568)ds to (cid:568)ep(cid:568)esent o(cid:427)je(cid:428)ts, a(cid:428)tions, e(cid:622)ents, and ideas. A limited num(cid:427)e(cid:568) o(cid:468) s(cid:629)m(cid:427)ols (cid:428)an (cid:427)e (cid:428)om(cid:427)ined in an in(cid:468)inite (cid:622)a(cid:568)iet(cid:629) o(cid:468) (cid:623)a(cid:629)s to (cid:469)ene(cid:568)ate an endless a(cid:568)(cid:568)a(cid:629) o(cid:468) no(cid:622)el messa(cid:469)es. Bules (cid:469)o(cid:622)e(cid:568)nin(cid:469) the a(cid:568)(cid:568)an(cid:469)ement o(cid:468) (cid:623)o(cid:568)ds into ph(cid:568)ases and senten(cid:428)es; some a(cid:568)(cid:568)an(cid:469)ements a(cid:568)e a(cid:428)(cid:428)epta(cid:427)le and some a(cid:568)e not. Basi(cid:428) sounds a(cid:568)e (cid:428)om(cid:427)ined into units (cid:623)ith meanin(cid:469), (cid:623)hi(cid:428)h a(cid:568)e (cid:428)om(cid:427)ined into (cid:623)o(cid:568)ds. Wo(cid:568)ds a(cid:568)e (cid:428)om(cid:427)ined into ph(cid:568)ases, (cid:623)hi(cid:428)h a(cid:568)e (cid:428)om(cid:427)ined into senten(cid:428)es. The smallest spee(cid:428)h units in a lan(cid:469)ua(cid:469)e that (cid:428)an (cid:427)e distin(cid:469)uished pe(cid:568)(cid:428)eptuall(cid:629) Vin(cid:469)uists estimate that humans a(cid:568)e (cid:428)apa(cid:427)le o(cid:468) (cid:568)e(cid:428)o(cid:469)nizin(cid:469) onl(cid:629) a(cid:427)out (cid:1487)(cid:1486)(cid:1486) su(cid:428)h (cid:427)asi(cid:428) sounds. O one lan(cid:469)ua(cid:469)e uses all o(cid:468) these phonemes.

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