BIOL 226 Chapter Notes - Chapter 54: Keystone Species, Interspecific Competition, Camouflage

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3 May 2016

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Biol 226 chapter 54 community ecology. A group of populations of different species living close enough to interact is called a biological community. Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. Interactions with individuals of other species in the community interspecific interactions include competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism and commensalism), and facilitation. Predation is a +/- interaction, with a positive effect on the survival and reproduction of the predator population and a negative effect on that of the prey population. Mutualism is a +/+ interaction because the survival and reproduction of both species are increased in the presence of the other. A 0 indicates that a population is not affected by the interaction in any known way. Interspecific competition is a -/- interaction that occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

These include simultaneous consideration of tolerance ranges for all conditions, resource requirements (of all biotic and abiotic resources), and habitat preferences.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

. Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 2

Interspecific competition has this outcome when the effects of intraspecific competition outweigh the effects of interspecific competition.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 3

The range of places that species could occupy based on suitability; a hypothetical location and ecological/trophic role in the absence of ecological interactions such as competition.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 4

Graphs of the Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model illustrate coexistence of two species with one of these features.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

. Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

. Isoclines

. Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 5

When a particular species always outcompetes a second species in the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition, these features will never intersect.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niche

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 6

When prey/foods increase in abundance, the predator population increases through reproduction and/or immigration.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

This is not an answer- don't choose it!

QUESTION 7

Endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, gut âmicrofloraâ and lichens are examples of this type of ecological interaction.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 8

Prey switching, prey mechanisms to avoid predation (via increased group size), and formation of search images generate variations of this phenomenon.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 9

Generally do not kill their prey, and consume only one (or perhaps a few) individual prey during a particular developmental phase or lifetime.

Amensilism

Commensilism

. Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 10

Extremely asymmetric competition and âaccidentsâ can result in this ecological interaction.

Amensilism

. Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

Generate an Excel table that lists and describes as many typesof interactions between populations/systems. Be sure to include anexample for each type. Name the participants, a description of theinteraction, and any other information you would like to add. Youmust include the following types: competition, Predator-Prey(2types), and symbiosis (3 types: parasitism, commensalism,mutualism). You may also include strategies used by organisms tominimize such interactions (resource petitioning, mimicry, etc

jadewombat482

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

BIOL 226 Chapter Notes - Chapter 54: Keystone Species, Interspecific Competition, Camouflage

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