BIOL 1010 Chapter Notes -Plant Breeding, Dna Profiling, Genetic Disorder

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plumotter815

22 Dec 2014

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An increase in the production of food in the agricultural revolution. Informational revolution has altered interpersonal relationships as well as the spread of information. Dna fingerprinting for forensics, animal and plant breeding, wildlife conservation and management. Pre natal diagnosis of genetic disease and gene therapy. Safety of genetically engineered products and organisms their impact on the environment and consumer. Restriction enzymes: cut at specific sites in the double stranded dna molecule: when it encounters dna with the sequence it will cleave it. They only cut from a specific dna sequence. The strands will read the same thing only back words which are called palindromic sequences and this is what the restriction enzymes are looking for. Dna ligase: an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between nucleotides. Complementary ends of two dna molecules can be covalently joined together using the enzyme, dna ligase.

Related Questions

Q1.

You are a genetic engineering hired by the biotechnology company, Genes 'R' Us, to use genetic engineering to develop a new rose that glows. Place the following steps in the order you would need to perform them to successfully genetically engineer the rose with this trait.

-Extract all of the DNA from a firefly cell

-Use traditional plant breeding techniques to improve the performance of the rose, which has the new glowing gene (transgene)

-Clone the single gene that encodes the glowing protein

-Insert the glowing gene into single rose plant cell using either the gene gun or agrobacterium

-Modify the glowing gene so it acts In the way you want it once its inside the rose plants

-Identify the firefly as an organism that would have a gene encoding a protein for a âglowing traitâ

Q2.

Genetic engineering is different from traditional plant breeding in that (select all that apply)

___genetic engineering 'physically' removes DNA (genes) from one organism and inserts them into another

___plant breeding and classical biotechnology relies on natural sexual reproduction to create variation while genetic engineering introduces variation one or a few genes at a time into a single cell.

___genetic variation used in classical biotechnology (plant breeding) comes from mutations in genes already found in that crop species. In genetic engineering, new genes are added to the genetic makeup of a plant

___genetic engineers can move DNA from any organism into any organism, even if they are not in the same species.

Q3.

Which method of plant transformation works and depends upon an organism that is a "naturally occurring" genetic engineer?

A)Gene Gun

B)Agrobacterium

C)Microneedle insertion into a plant egg cell

D)Electric Shock of Plant Cells

rubydeer239

PURPOSE: To examine the genetic, Biochemical, and Cell biological mechanisms of disease development.

In class we have focused on many of the fundamental principals and techniques of genetics and molecular biology. For this assignment I want you to see how these ideas are applied in studying genetic diseases. In addition, I want you to get insight into the experimental design and procedures that are used for expanding our understanding of genetics and how they are applied to studying and treating human genetic diseases.

The goal will be a final research paper that will be due by the last day of class (April 3, 2016). An outline of what is expected to be presented in the paper is listed below.

Paper Guidelines: Review of a Specific Disease

Components:

A. Clinical Features of the Disease

ï· Age of onset
ï· Male/ Female predominance
ï· Clinical symptoms and pathology ï· Population distribution

B. Genetics/ Transmission

ï· Spontaneous/ Inherited
ï· Inheritance distribution
ï· Identification/ isolation of gene/ loci ï· Mutation of gene

C. Molecular Pathology

ï· Effect of mutation on structure/ function of protein
ï· What/ how pathways are affected
ï· Effect on development/ function of cells, tissue, and organs ï· How gene(s) is related to clinical manifestations
ï· Animal models

Please note that all of the information may not be available or understood for your disease. I expect each of the sections to be addressed in the paper (A., B., & C.), however the subtopics (identified by bullet points) may not be understood. I would like the paper as complete as possible, however the final content will be determined by what is currently known about the disease.

You will accomplish this in three steps. A description of each step and the due date are presented below.

1) Choosing a disease.
Due Date: Sunday March 13, 2016

I want you to identify a human genetic disease and provide a very brief overview of the disease (Section A). I want you state how the disease is inherited (Autosomal dominant, Autosomal recessive,

etc) a brief description of the clinical features and the gene that is mutated (if known). This assignment should be no more than 2 pages and is worth 50 points towards your final grade.

2) Identify an experimental journal article. Due Date: Sunday March 20, 2016

I want you to identify a published research journal article that examines the genetic disease that you have chosen. The paper must have been published within the last two years. The paper must present experimental evidence that is relevant to your disease. I want you to submit the paper to me as well as write a one page summary of what was learned by the research study and how it applies to the understanding of the molecular pathology of the disease (Section C.). You can search for a journal article using the resources of the library. I would also like you to choose one experiment (figure) in the paper and describe what experimental techniques were used for that part of the study. This section should not exceed 1 page. This is worth 50 points towards your grade.

fuchsiacricket487

Gene drives are systems of biased inheritance that enhance a genetic element's ability to pass from parent organism to offspring. With the advent of new, more efficient, and targeted geneÂediting techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, gene modifications can, in principle, be spread throughout a population of living organisms intentionally and quickly via a gene drive, circumventing traditional rules of inheritance and greatly increasing the odds that an altered gene spreads throughout a population.

Gene drive works by harnessing the power of siteÂspecific selfish genes known as homing endonuclease genes (HEGs). When a gene is part of an HEG construct, it can be passed on nearly 100% of the time, not just 50% of the time, favoring the propagation of the gene, even if it confers little or no survival advantage.

Gene drives have the potential to address public health threats, conservationÂrelated issues, agricultural pests, and other challenges. For example, gene drives might be developed to modify organisms that carry infectious diseases. In agriculture, a gene drive might be used to control or alter organisms that damage crops or carry crop disease. Yet gene drives could also lead to unintended and even dire circumstances. For example, the uncontrolled release of gene driveâmodified organisms could disrupt nonÂtarget species or lead to the establishment of a second, more resistant invasive species.

Give an informed opinion on the advisability of how rapidly (if at all) CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Drive technology should progress. Should the government regulate the application of this technology?

BIOL 1010 Chapter Notes -Plant Breeding, Dna Profiling, Genetic Disorder

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