BIOLOGY 1A03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Glycosidic Bond, Hexose, Galactose

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Xudong Zhu

Document Summary

The term carbohydrates encompasses: monosacharides, one sugar (monomers, oligosaccharides, few sugars (small polymers, polysaccharides, many sugars (large polymers) Carbohydrates are molecules with a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups, along with many several many carbon-hydrogen (c-h) bonds. Monosaccharide"s single sugars (simple sugars: figure 5. 1, page 86, carbonyl group. On the end of the molecule forms an aldehyde sugar (aldose) Differences in monosaccharides: varying locations of carbonyl groups (aldose, ketose, total number of carbon atoms present, spatial arrangement of atoms (optical isomers, different mirror images) Eg/ glucose and galactose are hexose sugar (c6h12o6) optical isomers differ in spatial arrangement of one hydroxyl group at the c#4. 8 different hexoses exist, and two forms of each (mirror images) = 16 distinct structures within the molecular formula c6h12o6. In solutions, simple sugars tend to form a ring structure. Glucose c#1 bonds with an oxygen atom and with a hydroxyl group that can be oriented in two distinct ways.