BIOLOGY 1A03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2-2: Marshall Warren Nirenberg, Start Codon, Phenylalanine
20 Jun 2018
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Module'–'Theme'2'Module'2'
Unit'1:'The'Genetic'Code!
•!4!nucleotides!(A,T,!C,!G)!code!for!20!different!amino!acids!
!!
Unit'2:'Defining'a'Codon!
•!1!codon!has!3!nucleotides!
!!
Unit'3:'Deciphering'a'Codon!
•!1961:!Marshall!Nirenberg!and!Johann!Matthaei!used!a!cellEfree!system!to!decipher!the!first!of!the!
code!!
o!Placed!all!components!which!were!necessary!for!protein!synthesis!!
•!RNA!template!
•!Nucleotides!!
•!Ribosomes!
•!Amino!acids!
•!An!energy!source!
o!Able!to!determine!what!specific!amino!acids!a!particular!RNA!nucleotide!template!could!give!
rise!to!
•!Started!by!making!simple!nucleic!acid!made!of!a!string!of!uracil!!
o!Discovered!that!simple!nucleic!acid!produced!a!repeated!simple!polypeptide!sequence!that!
contained!identical!amino!acid!
•!Repeated!sequences!of!phenylalanine!
•!Always!translated!into!string!of!phenylalanine!residue!
•!Follow!up!research!used!a!nucleic!acid!with!altering!uracil!and!cytosine!!
o!This!strand!was!always!translated!into!a!polypeptide!string!of!alternating!serine!and!leucine!
amino!acids!!
•!Results!confirmed!that!three!nucleotide!make!up!a!codon!
!!Code!for!a!specific!amino!acid!in!a!protein!
!!
Unit'4:'The'Standard'Code!
!!
•!Codons!always!written!in!5'!EE>!3'!direction!!
•!!
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