EARTHSC 2GG3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Sulfur Dioxide, Clay Minerals, Surface Tension
1 Oct 2016
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Change in gases: increase in sulfur or sulfur to chlorine ratios. Predictions only useful if authorities can act on them. Mitigating damage: controlling lava flows are partially successful should cool front of flow with water from fire hoses. Divert flows by bombing/barriers in mauna loa. Mudflow warning systems for people to evacuate (temp or vibration sensors) Populations at risk: false alarms lose credibility of scientists: landslides and land subsidence. Gravity pulls rocks slowly in a process of creep. Large volume of material downslope quickly = catastrophe. Failing slope depends on slope steepness, weight of material, moisture. Shear stress: stress from application of force parallel to surface. Normal stress: perpendicular to earth"s planar surface. Steeper slope = greater likelihood of failure. Critical angle of repose: maximal angle that sediment particles can stand without falling. Frictional resistance: depends on angle and load. Attraction between particles by surface tension of water. Overcome if large sliding force is large enough.
