HTHSCI 2HH3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Pneumothorax, Bacteremia, Antimicrobial Resistance
26 May 2018
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RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS MODULE
*Specimen collection methods and laboratory diagnostic techniques used to identify Bacterial
Pneumonia
Sharp pain felt when coughing/ taking deep breath is likely due to: pleuritis (complication of
pneumonia)
• When pleura is inflamed, pain occurs whenever the membrane rubs against the chest wall (during
cough or deep breath)
Chest X-Ray for Pneumonia
(Air appears black & fluids/tissues appear white in an x-ray)
• When lower portion of right side is white = right lower lobe pneumonia (presence of pus in right
lower lobe)
• Collapsed lung filled with pus
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
• Most common type of pneumonia
• Gram positive
• Common cause of sepsis and meningitis
Ciprofloxacin: a fluoroquinolone antibiotic
• Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (i.e.. Penicillin)
Smoking & Pneumonia
• Those who smoke are at increased risk for CAP
• Cigarette smoking inhibits ciliary function in the lungs
o Cilia prevent microorganisms from entering lungs and remove particles from lungs to
mouth/throat where they're eliminated
Specimen Collection & Lab Diagnosis for Bacterial Pneumonia
>>Sputum: best specimen for diagnoses pneumonia
• Sterile container with large opening that can be tightly sealed should be used for collection
>>Blood Cultures: should always be ordered for sick patients/patients with FEVER
• If bacteria found to be present in patient's blood (bacteremia), this may affect how long a patient
is treated with antibiotics
>>Nasal Suction: nasal secretions will not necessarily grow (in culture) the same type of bacteria causing
pneumonia (deep in lungs)
• There is commensal flora in nose and sinuses; can't assume that organisms we find in nose are
causing disease in lung
>>Throat Swab: used to identify Group A streptococcus, not pneumonia (throat has a lot of commensal
flora)
Sputum Collection
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Document Summary
*specimen collection methods and laboratory diagnostic techniques used to identify bacterial. Sharp pain felt when coughing/ taking deep breath is likely due to: pleuritis (complication of pneumonia: when pleura is inflamed, pain occurs whenever the membrane rubs against the chest wall (during cough or deep breath) Streptococcus pneumoniae: most common type of pneumonia, gram positive, common cause of sepsis and meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae are resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (i. e Smoking & pneumonia: those who smoke are at increased risk for cap, cigarette smoking inhibits ciliary function in the lungs, cilia prevent microorganisms from entering lungs and remove particles from lungs to mouth/throat where they"re eliminated. Specimen collection & lab diagnosis for bacterial pneumonia. Sterile container with large opening that can be tightly sealed should be used for collection. >>blood cultures: should always be ordered for sick patients/patients with fever. If bacteria found to be present in patient"s blood (bacteremia), this may affect how long a patient is treated with antibiotics.
