PSYCH 2AA3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Object Permanence, Intersubjectivity, Animacy
10 Dec 2014
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1-4 months basic reflexes and recreating reflexes. 8-12 months onset of deliberate, intentional behaviour (means vs end) 12-24 months active experimentation (trial and error) Understanding objects: objet permanence: understanding that objects exist independently. 4-8 months out of sight, out of mind. Using symbols: begin to anticipate consequences of actions mentally without having to perform them (e. g. words, gestures, pretend play, pre-operational: use of symbols to represent objects and events (2-7) Egocentrism: difficulty in seeing world from another"s viewpoint. Animism: crediting inanimate objects with life and lifelike properties. Centration: concentrating on one aspect while ignoring other equally relevant aspects (narrowly focused thought: concrete operational: use of mental operations to problem-solve and to reason (7-11) Mental operations: strategies and rules that make thinking more systematic, effective, and efficient. New issues: only perceptible and inferable, not abstract and hypothetical: formal operations: application of mental operations to abstract entities and hypothetical situations; ability to reason deductively (11-13+)
