PSYCH 2AP3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Dopamine Receptor D4, Basal Ganglia, Russ Feingold
30 Mar 2016
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Common characteristics: pattern of inattention, hyperactivity / impulsivity, either inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity must be present for a diagnosis to be made. Due to initial symptoms of disease or possibly brain impairment: increased risk for minor injuries due to impulsivity, unpopular, rejected by peers due to inability to maintain friendships. Statistics: adhd occurs in ~6% of children, boys > girls, 4:1 ratio, first clues at age 3 or 4, 68% have symptoms continue into adulthood, mainly impulsivity & hyperactivity, frequently comorbid with other disorders. Goal is to reduce symptoms and to improve attentional skills. Use behavioural interventions over medication: psychosocial. Focuses on broader issues like improving academics, decreasing disruptive behaviour / increasing social skills. Increase time kid is seated, completion tasks, reward reinforcement. Medications: stimulant medications can help to temporarily reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve concentration, some antidepressants and others meds may have similar effects, concerns. May become overprescribed without good knowledge of long-term side effects.
