PSYCH 2H03 Chapter 12: Logic
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYCH 2H03
Logic
LOGIC
-With confirmation bias – people seem to defy logic
Reasoning about Syllogisms
-Human thought is governed by the rules of logic, so if people make reasoning errors – the problem lies elsewhere
carelessness, or misinterpretation of the problem
-Categorical syllogisms Type of logical argument that begins with 2 assertions – the problem’s premises – each
containing a statement about a category
oCan be completed with a conclusion that may or may not follow these premises
oThese are valid syllogisms: (if the two premises are true, then the conclusion must be true)
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oAn example of an invalid syllogism:
All P are M
All S are M
Therefore, all S are P
Belief Bias
-Errors in logical reasoning are quite systematic
-If a syllogism’s conclusion happens to be something people believe to be true anyhow, they’re likely to judge the
conclusion as following logically from the premises
oIf they believe it’s false, they reject it
-When they do this they fail to distinguish between good arguments and bad ones
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The Four-Card Task
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