PSYO 220 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Genital Stage, Phallic Stage, Toilet Training
13 Mar 2017
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Summary: the study of human development is a science that seeks to understand how people change or remain the same over time. Each human characteristic is affected by both genes (nature) and environment (nurture) and by their interaction. E. g. , early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning: development is multicontextual, with the ecological context from the immediate family to the broad social environment affecting every person. Cultural influences are sometimes unrecognized until another culture is understood. Social constructions, including ethnicity and race, are tangled with cultural values, making culture not only crucial but complex: social construction: an idea that is based on shared perceptions, not on objective reality. Change occurs in every direction, not always in a straight line. Gains and losses, predictable growth, and unexpected transformations are evident. Numerous academic fields especially psychology, biology, education, and sociology, but also neuroscience, economics, religion, anthropology, history, medicine, genetics, and many more contribute insights.
