PSYC 241 Chapter 8: Chapter 8: Altruism
11 Mar 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Altruism: a motive to increase another"s welfare without conscious regard for one"s self interests; selfishness in reverse. Social-exchange theory: the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one"s rewards and minimize one"s costs. Rewards that motivate might be internal or external. Egosism: a motive (supposedly underlying all behaviour) to increase your own welfare (opposite of altruism). Reciprocity norm: an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. Kin selection: the idea that evolution has selected altruism towards one"s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes. Reciprocity: predicted by genetic self-interests and works best in smaller groups. Indirect: i"ll scratch your back, you scratch someone"s and someone will scratch mine . Empathy: the vicarious experience of someone else"s feeling; putting yourself in someone else"s shoes. Bystander effect: the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders. Door-in-the-face technique: a strategy for gaining a concession.
