ACC 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Capital Asset, Income Statement

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28 Jun 2018

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ACC - Chapter 8

Tangible assets - having physical substance (machine)

Intangible assets - no physical substance (copyright)

Classification: Property, plant, and equipment - initially recorded at acquisition

(historical) cost

Acquisition cost - includes all of the costs normally necessary to acquire an

asset and prepare it for its intended use

oPurchase price, taxes paid at time of purchase (sales tax),

transportation charges, installation costs

oNOT repair costs or costs incurred after the assets was installed and

use begun

Firms can purchase several assets as a group and pays a lump-sum amount

Interest is treated as a period cost and should appear on the income statement as

interest expense in the period incurred

BUT if a company constructs an asset over a period of time and borrows money to

finance the construction, the amount of interest incurred during the construction

period many not be treated as interest expense

Capitalization of interest - interest on constructed assets is added to the asset

account

Cost of land should be kept in a separate account because land has an unlimited life

and is not subject to depreciation

Other costs associated with land should be recorded in an account such as

land improvements (costs that are related to land but that have a limited

life)

Depreciation:

Straight line method: (Acquisition Cost - Residual Value)/Life

Book Value: Acquisition Cost - Accumulated Depreciation

Units of Production Method: (acquisition cost - residual value)/ total # of units is

asset’s life

Annual Depreciation: Depreciation per Unit x Units Produces in Current Year

Accelerated Depreciation: Beginning Book Value x Rate

Accelerated Depreciation - a higher amount of depreciation is recorded in the

early years and lower amount in the later years

Double-declining-balance method - depreciation is recorded at twice the straight

line rate, but the balance is reduced each period

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Document Summary

Classification: property, plant, and equipment - initially recorded at acquisition (historical) cost. Firms can purchase several assets as a group and pays a lump-sum amount. Interest is treated as a period cost and should appear on the income statement as interest expense in the period incurred. But if a company constructs an asset over a period of time and borrows money to finance the construction, the amount of interest incurred during the construction period many not be treated as interest expense. Capitalization of interest - interest on constructed assets is added to the asset account. Cost of land should be kept in a separate account because land has an unlimited life and is not subject to depreciation. Other costs associated with land should be recorded in an account such as land improvements (costs that are related to land but that have a limited life) Straight line method: (acquisition cost - residual value)/life.

Related Questions

Can someone please provide the solutions. No explanation needed,just the answers so I can double check my work.

2. Firms with tangiblelong-term assets and less predictable cash flows, such as automanufacturers and steel companies, whose sales vary with changes ineconomic conditions, tend to use

a.	a more nearly equal mix of long-term debt and shareholdersâequity financing.
b.	a greater amount of long-term debt [80%] than shareholdersâequity financing [20%].
c.	a smaller amount of long-term debt [20%] than shareholdersâequity financing [80%].
d.	a greater amount of long-term debt [80%] than assets [20%].
e.	a greater amount of shareholdersâ equity [80%] than assets[20%].

3. During Year 3,Carrington Company made the following expenditures relating toplant machinery and equipment:

Â·	Continuing, frequent, and low cost repairs	$46,000
Â·	Special long-term protection devices were attached to tenmachines	11,000
Â·	A broken gear on a machine was replaced	5,000

How much should be charged to repairs and maintenance in Year3?

a.	$46,000
b.	$51,000
c.	$57,000
d.	$41,000
e.	none of the above

4. Which of the followingis/are not capitalized as an intangible asset?

a.	costs of an internally developed patent
b.	legal costs to defend a patent successfully
c.	goodwill acquired when a company purchases another company
d.	costs to purchase a patent
e.	none of the above

5. Repairs and maintenancedo not include

a.	the costs of restoring an asset's service potential afterbreakdowns.
b.	expenditures that increase the asset's life.
c.	routine costs such as for cleaning and adjusting.
d.	major tune-ups including labor and parts.
e.	All of the above are not considered to be repairs ormaintenance.

12. Sigma Company suffers a loss to itsbuilding in a fire and spends $100,000 on repairs and improvements.It judges that $80,000 of the expenditure replaces long-livedassets lost in the fire, and $20,000 represents improvements to thebuilding. Which of the following is the single journal entry thatSigma Company will make?

a.	Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100,000
b.	Loss from Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100,000
c.	Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20,000 Loss from Fire . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80,000
d.	Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Loss from Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100,000
e.	Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 Loss from Fire . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100,000

16. Firms treat expenditures as assetswhen they:

a.	have acquired rights to the future use of a resource as a resultof a past transaction or event.
b.	can reliably measure the cost of the expected benefits at thetime of initial recognition.
c.	can exercise the entityâs right to, or control of, thebenefit.
d.	can obtain the future service potential and control othersâaccess to it.
e.	all of the above

Clarion Realty

Clarion Realty has decided to construct its own office building.The construction will be partially financed through a constructionloan and any remainder will be financed from internally generatedfunds. The internal accountants have collected the followinginformation concerning the construction.

	Average Balance	Construction	Other
Year	Construction Account	Debt @ 6%	Debt @ 10%
1	$2,000,000	$1,000,000	$500,000
2	$4,000,000	$1,000,000	$250,000
3	$3,000,000	$800,000	$200,000

22. The amount, if any, of capitalizedinterest cost for Year 1 is

a.	$0
b.	$50,000
c.	$60,000
d.	$110,000
e.	$170,000

23. The amount, if any, of capitalizedinterest cost for Year 2 is

a.	$0
b.	$50,000
c.	$60,000
d.	$180,000
e.	$230,000

33. When a firm constructs its ownbuildings or equipment:

a.	it recognizes the labor, material, and overhead costs incurredas an asset.
b.	U.S. GAAP and IFRS require firms to include, or capitalize,interest costs during construction in the cost of aself-constructed asset.
c.	it recognizes the labor, material, and overhead costs incurredas a period expense.
d.	U.S. GAAP and IFRS require firms to expense interest costsincurred during construction of a self-constructed asset.
e.	both choices a and b are correct.

Plant acquisitions for selected companies are as follows.

1. Pearl Industries Inc. acquired land, buildings, and equipment from a bankrupt company, Torres Co., for a lump-sum price of $812,000. At the time of purchase, Torresâs assets had the following book and appraisal values.

	Book Values	Appraisal Values
Land	$232,000	$174,000
Buildings	290,000	406,000
Equipment	348,000	348,000

To be conservative, the company decided to take the lower of the two values for each asset acquired. The following entry was made.

Land	174,000
Buildings	290,000
Equipment	348,000
Cash		812,000

2. Martinez Enterprises purchased store equipment by making a $2,320 cash down payment and signing a 1-year, $26,680, 10% note payable. The purchase was recorded as follows.

Equipment	31,668
Cash		2,320
Notes Payable		26,680
Interest Payable		2,668

3. Sandhill Company purchased office equipment for $18,000, terms 2/10, n/30. Because the company intended to take the discount, it made no entry until it paid for the acquisition. The entry was:

Equipment	18,000
Cash		17,640
Purchase Discounts		360

4. Teal Inc. recently received at zero cost land from the Village of Cardassia as an inducement to locate its business in the Village. The appraised value of the land is $31,320. The company made no entry to record the land because it had no cost basis.

5. Flint Company built a warehouse for $696,000. It could have purchased the building for $858,400. The controller made the following entry.

Buildings	858,400
Cash		696,000
Profit on Construction		162,400

Prepare the entry that should have been made at the date of each acquisition

crimsonbear193

1.The useful life of a plant asset is:

The length of time it is used productively in a company'soperations

Never related to its physical life

Its productive life, but not to exceed one year

Determined by the FASB

Determined by law

2. Depreciation:

Measures the decline in market value of an asset

Measures physical deterioration of an asset

Is the process of allocating to expense the cost of a plantasset

Is an outflow of cash from the use of a plant asset

Is applied to land

3. Plant assets are

Tangible assets used in the operation of a business that have auseful life of more than one accounting period

Current assets

Held for sale

Intangible assets used in the operations of a business that havea useful life of more than one accounting period

Tangible assets used in the operation of business that have auseful life of less than one accounting period

4. A company has net sales of $870,000 and average accountsreceivable of $174,000. What is its accounts receivable turnoverfor the period?

0.20

5.00

20.0

73.0

1,825

5. FICA taxes include:

Social Security taxes

Charitable giving

Employee income taxes

Unemployment taxes

6. Times interest earned is calculated by:

Multiplying interest expense times income

Dividing interest expense by income before interest expense

Dividing income before interest expense and any income tax byinterest expense

Dividing interest and income tax expense by income beforeinterest and income tax expense

7. Amortization:

Is the systematic allocation of the cost of an intangible assetto expense over its estimated useful life

Is the process of allocating to expense the cost of a plantasset to the accounting periods benefiting from its use

Is the process of allocating the cost of natural resources toperiods when they are consumed

Is an accelerated form of expensing an asset's cost

Is the same as depletion

8. A method of estimating bad debts expense that involves adetailed examination of outstanding accounts and their length oftime past due is the:

Direct write-off method

Aging of accounts receivable method

Percentage of sales method

Aging of investments method

Percent of accounts receivable method

9. A company purchased a tract of land for its natural resourcesat a cost of $1,500,000. It expects to mine 2,000,000 tons of orefrom this land. The salvage value of the land is expected to be$250,000. The depletion expense per ton of ore is:

$0.75

$0.625

$0.875

$6.00

$8.00

10. The matching principle requires:

That expenses be ignored if their effect on the financialstatements are less important than revenues to the financialstatement user

The use of the direct write-off method for bad debts

The use of the allowance method of accounting for bad debts

That bad debts be disclosed in the financial statements

That bad debts not be written off

11. Liabilities:

Must be certain

Must sometimes be estimated

Must be for a specific amount

Must always have a definite date for payment

Must involve an outflow of cash

12. In the accounting records of a defendant, lawsuits:

Are estimated liabilities

Should always be recorded

Should always be disclosed

Should be recorded if payment for damages is probable and theamount can be reasonably estimated

13. A contingent liability:

Is always of a specific amount

Is a potential obligation that depends on a future event arisingout of a past transaction or event

Is an obligation not requiring future payment

Is an obligation arising from the purchase of goods or serviceson credit

Is an obligation arising from a future event

14. Total asset turnover is calculated by dividing:

Gross profit by average total assets

Average total assets by gross profit

Net sales by average total assets

Average total assets by net sales

Net assets by total assets

15. If the times interest ratio:

Increases, then risk increases

Increases, then risk decreases

Is greater than 1.5, then the company is in default

Is less than 1.5, the company is carrying too little debt

16. Promissory notes that require the issuer to make a series ofpayments consisting of both interest and principal are:

Debentures

Discounted notes

Installment notes

Indentures

Investment notes

17. A company borrowed $300,000 cash from the bank by signing a5-year, 8% installment note. The present value factor for anannuity at 8% for 5 years is 3.9927. Each annuity payment equals$75,137. The present value of the note is:

$75,137

$94,013

$300,000

$375,685

18. A bond traded at 102

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ACC 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Capital Asset, Income Statement

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