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ECON 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Demand Curve, Grater, Peanut Butter

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School
Simon Fraser University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 103
Professor
Iryna Dudnyk

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Document Summary

When income goes up, the demand may or may not go up depending on the type of good. Normal goods: when income increases, demand for normal goods increases (e. g. tex-mex brand cheese) Inferior goods: when income increases the demand for inferior goods decreases (e. g. no-name brand. Also depends on the nature of the good. Substitute goods: when the price of good 2 increases the demand for good 1 also increases (price of nutella increases, demand for peanut butter cheese) increases) Complement goods: when the price of good 2 increases the demand for good 1 decreases (milk cereal) and. Changes in quantity demanded result from changes in the relative price. Measures the percentage change in q of good 1, for a given percentage change in the price of good 1. Formula: e(11) = ( q(1) / p(1)) x (p(1) / q(1)) Ignoring the negative sign, can take 3 types of values: Unitary elastic: if number is equal to 1.

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Related Questions

Other things remaining the same, what would happen to the supply of a particular commodity if the following changes occur?

The price of the commodity increases.

Government regulators outlaw the use of a technology that enables the good to be

produced at a significantly lower cost.

The prices of inputs used to produce the commodity decrease.

The price of a commodity that is a substitute in production increases.

Managers expect the price of the good to fall in the near future.

As the cost of capital rises, firms in the industry stop purchasing plant and equip-

ment, which allows depreciation to diminish the productive capacity in the indus- try.

What happens to demand when the following changes occur?

The price of the commodity rises.

Income decreases and the commodity is normal.

Income decreases and the commodity is inferior.

The price of a complement good increases.

The price of a substitute good decreases.

1. Anna owns the Sweet Alps Chocolate store. She charges $10 per pound for her hand made chocolate. You, the economist, have calculated the elasticity of demand for chocolate in her town to be 2.5. If she wants to increase her total revenue, what advice will you give her and why? Explain your answer.

2. If the cross elasticity of demand between peanut butter and milk is -1.11, then are peanut butter and milk substitutes or complements? Explain your answer.

3. A 10 percent increase in income brings about a 15 percent decrease in the demand for a good. What is the income elasticity of demand and is the good a normal good or an inferior good? Explain your answer.

4. If the price of a good increases by 8% and the quantity demanded decreases by 12%, what is the price elasticity of demand? Is it elastic, inelastic or unitary elastic?

5. Discount stores sell relatively elastic goods. Ceteris paribus, explain why selling at a relatively low price is profitable for them?

Suppose that the extended (generalized) demand function for good Y is:

QdY= 250,000 - 500 PY -1.5 M + 240 PX

where: QdY = quantity demanded of good Y

PY = Price of good Y

M = Average income of consumers

PX = Price of related good X

a) If M = $ 60,000 and PX = $100, what is the reduced demand function for good Y?

b) Continue using the reduced demand equation from part a,

If M = $60,000, PX = $100, and PY = $200 then QdY = ________

If M = $60,000, PX = $100, and PY = $300 then QdY = ________

Use this information (prices and quantities demanded of good Y) to calculate the price elasticity of demand between these two points on the demand curve of good Y. Show your work.

c) Use your answer to part b. Between these two points on the demand for good Y, is demand elastic, inelastic, or unitary price elastic? Why? What will happen to total revenues if the price increases between these two points on the demand curve?

d) In part b, you found that when:

M = $60,000, PX = $100, and PY = $200 then QdY = ________

Now let's suppose that the price of the related good X decreases from $100 to $50 but income remains constant (at $60,000). Assume that the price of good Y is also constant at $200.

If M = $60,000, PX = $50, and PY = $200 then QdY = ________

Use these prices of good X and the quantities demanded of good Y to calculate the cross-price elasticity of the demand for good Y when the price of good X decreases from $100 to $50.

e) Consider your answer to part d. Based on the value of the cross-price elasticity of demand you just estimated, are goods X and Y substitutes, complements, or unrelated? Why?

f) In part b, you found that when:

M = $60,000, PX = $100, and PY = $200 then QdY = ________

Now let's suppose that consumer income increases from $60,000 to $80,000 but the price of good X remains constant (at $100). Assume that the price of good Y is also constant at $200.

If M = 80,000 , PX = $100 and PY = $200 then QdY = _________

Use these income levels and quantities demanded of good Y to calculate the income elasticity of the demand for good Y when income increases from $60,000 to $80,000.

Show your work

g) Consider your answer to part f. Based on the value of the income elasticity of demand you just estimated, is good Y normal, inferior, or income independent?