BIOL108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Molecular Clock, Gene Duplication, Archosaur

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turquoisemouse656

26 Oct 2018

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL108

Professor

Cynthia Friedman

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Document Summary

The combination of birds and crocodiles into one taxonomic group is archosauria. Determining the classification of organisms is now based on molecular characteristics, such as. A phylogeny is a hypothesis for the evolutionary relationship between organisms. Biologists use systematics, a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships, to construct phylogenies. Taxonomy is the discipline concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms. Binomial is the two part name used to name species. The first part is the genus it belongs to, and the second part is a specific epithet. The named taxonomic unit at a(cid:374)(cid:455) group is (cid:272)alled a ta(cid:454)o(cid:374). The outgroup is also known as the basal taxon. A polytomy occurs when a branch points into more than two descendants. A bats wing in analogous to a bird wing. Analogous structures are also known as homoplasies. Molecular systematics used dna and other molecular information to determine evolutionary relationships.

Related Questions

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Question 31 pts

Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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Question 41 pts

The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

B. The dark moths survived better after pollution levelsincreased because they were not poisoned by the pollutants

C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution

D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.