CHEM102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16.1: Reaction Rate, Collision Frequency
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9 Feb 2017
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Chemical kinetics: the study of the rates and mechanisms of reactions. Typically fast reaction rates: neutralization, precipitation, explosion. Slow reaction rate: many reactions, ripening of a fruit, human aging, formation of coal. We can control 4 factors: concentration of reactants, physical state of reactants, temperature of reaction, use of a catalyst, concentration: molecules must collide to react. More molecules present = more frequent collisions = more reaction. Reaction rate is proportional to the number of collisions which depends on the concentration of reactants: physical state: molecules must mix to collide. When in the same phase, random thermal motion brings them into contact and stirring mixes them. When they are in different phases, contact occurs only at the interface vigorous stirring or grinding. More surface area of solid/liquid reactant = more contact = more reaction: temperature: molecules must collide with enough energy. Temperature increases the frequency and energy of collisions. Rate is proportional to collision frequency and temperature.
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