ACCT 2230 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Earnings Before Interest And Taxes, Income Statement, Contribution Margin

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27 Oct 2015

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Cvp focuses on how profits are affected by the five elements including. : price of products, volume of level of activity, per unit variable costs, total fixed costs, mix of product sold. Break-even point: the level of sales at which profit is zero. The breakeven point can also be defined as the point where total sales equals total expenses, or as the point where total contribution margin equal total fixed expenses. Cost volyne profit relationships in graphic form cost volume profit graph: the relationship revenues, costs, and levels of activity presented. The profit or loss at any given level of sale is the vertical distance between total revenue and among in graphic form measured by total expenses. Equation for the profit graph: profit= unitcm x q fixed expenses. Contribution margin ratio: the contribution margin as a percentage of total sales. Cm ratio = contribution margin / sales x 100.

Related Questions

Please construct a cost volume profit (break-even) chart basedon the following information:

Unit selling price = $80.00

Unit variable cost =$30.00

Total fixed cost =$150,000.00

Relevant range of production is 0 to 10,000 units.

Relevantrange of $ amounts on the Y axis is 0 to

$450,000in $50,000 increments.

Identify the vertical axis as sales and costs, and thehorizontal axis as units of sales. Identify the unit sales atbreakeven, $ amount of sales at breakeven, profit and loss. Includeformulas and computations.

redraccoon69

Basic information
Exhibit 1 Hallstead Jewelers
Income Statements for YearsEnded January 31 (thousands of dollars)
	2003	2004	2006

Sales	$9,000,000	$8,000,000	$11,000,000
Cost of goods sold	4,050,000	3,600,000	4,950,000
Gross margin	$4,950,000	$4,400,000	$6,050,000
Expenses
Selling expense
Salaries	2,021,000	2,081,000	4,085,000
Commissions	450,000	400,000	550,000
Advertising	254,000	250,000	257,000
Administrative expenses	418,000	425,000	535,000
Rent	420,000	420,000	840,000
Depreciation	84,000	84,000	142,000
Miscellaneous expenses	53,000	93,000	122,000
Total expenses	$3,700,000	$3,753,000	$6,531,000
Net income	$1,250,000	$647,000	$(481,000)

Exhibit 2 Hallstead JewelersOperating Statistics

	2003	2004	2006

Sales space (square feet)	10,000	10,000	15,000
Sales per square foot	$900	$800	$733
Sales tickets	5,000	5,000	7,000
Average sales ticket	$1,800	$1,600	$1,571

Assumptions:

Sales price per ticket = $1,572

Variable cost per unit = $786 (cost of goods sold of $707 +Sales commissions of $79)

Complete the table below:

*Alternative #1*	*Per unit*	*Total*	*Per unit*	*Total*
# of sales tickets	7000
Selling price per ticket	$1,572	$11,000,000
Variable cost per ticket	$786	$5,500,000
Contribution margin per ticket	$786	$5,500,000
Total fixed costs	5,981,000
Net income	$(481,000)
Change in net income if accept alternative
Breakeven point in units	7,610

Review of Question #4 requirements. Increase advertisingby $20,000, increase sales revenue (volume) by 2%.

For each question, answer yes or no for each piece ofinformation listed.

Information	For this alternative only, is there a change in this item thataffects calculation of net income? Yes or No	For this alternative only, is there a change in this item thateffects the calculation of the new breakeven point? Yes or No
Selling price per unit
Variable cost per unit
Total fixed costs
Net income
Sales volume

Complete the table below:

*Alternative #3*	*Per unit*	*Total*	*Per unit*	*Total*
# of sales tickets	7000
Selling price per ticket	$1,572	$11,000,000
Variable cost per ticket	$786	$5,500,000
Contribution margin per ticket	$786	$5,500,000
Total fixed costs	5,981,000
Net income	$(481,000)
Change in net income if accept alternative
Breakeven point in units	7,610

Alternatives	Change in Net Income	New Breakeven point in units	Change in Breakeven point in units
#1 Decrease SP, Increase sales volume
#2 Eliminate sales commissions	Increases by $550,000	6,914	Decreases by 696
#3 increase Fixed costs by $20,000 to get increase of 2% salesrevenue (volume)

periwinklemink994

Overview: Classifying a companyâs costs allows for an in-depthanalysis of the impact that changes in output have on revenues,costs, and net income or net loss. A cost-volume-profit (CVP)analysis will be completed in order to determine the breakevenpoint. Relevant costs will be used to prepare a flexible budget.Additionally, an appropriate costing system should be selected andthe choice should be substantiated with reasonable rationale.Finally, a memo should be prepared for management that summarizesthe results of the quantitative analysis and makes recommendationsfor an optimal costing system to be ethically used by key decisionmakers. For Milestone One, you will use the MDE ManufacturingBudget (Table I) to analyze costs, contribution margin, andbreakeven point for the bird feeder division of the company. In Tab1 of your Student Workbook, classify costs as either product orperiod costs. Briefly explain the difference between the types ofcosts. Then, analyze the actual costs and, using Tab 2 of yourStudent Workbook, complete a cost-volume-profit analysis todetermine how many bird feeders must be sold at the current costand sales price level to earn a 10% profit and how much the salesprice would have to increase to earn a 10% profit at the same costand sales volume level. Submit the Student Workbook with Tabs 1 and2 completed with your cost calculations and a 1â2 page Worddocument that explains the implications of your findings andaddresses all of the critical elements in Section I.

I. Salesand Manufacturing Expenses: Budget and Actual (2014)

You will use this table to complete Milestones One and Two.

	Budget ($)	Actual ($)

Sales	1,050,000	991,700

Expenses
Materials â Cedar	225,000	248,160
Materials â Plastic	37,500	37,741
Factory Worker Labor	300,000	332,760
Materials â Indirect	3,000	2,585
Factory Depreciation	78,000	78,000
Factory Utilities	12,000	12,000
Factory Maintenance and Repairs	5,000	4,500
Shipping ($2.25/each)	112,500	105,750
Sales Commissions ($2.00/unitsold)	100,000	94,000
Office Rent	12,000	12,000
Advertising	20,000	20,000
Liability insurance	5,000	5,000
Office Depreciation	1,000	1,000
Office Salaries	48,000	48,000

Total Expenses	959,000	1,001,496

II. Contribution Margin: Static Budget and Actual Results (2014)

You will use this table to complete Milestone Two.

	Actual Results	Static Budget Amount

Units Sold	47,000	50,000
Revenues ($)	991,700	1,050,000
Manufacturing Costs ($)
Variable	621,246	565,500
Fixed	94,500	95,000
Gross Margin	275,954	389,500

Milestone One,Part I




	Product Costs









	Period Costs





		Totals	Totals
		Budget	Actual
Sales Price per Unit

Variable Costs
	Materials - Cedar
	Materials - Plastic
	Factory Worker Labor
	Materials - Indirect
	Shipping ($2.25/ea)
	Sales Commissions ($2/unit sold)

Variable Cost per Unit

Contribution Margin


Fixed Costs
	Factory Depreciation
	Factory Utilities
	Factory Maintenance and Repairs
	Office Rent
	Advertising
	Liability Insurance
	Office Depreciation
	Office Salaries
Total Fixed Costs


Using Budgeted Amounts
Breakeven Point -				Breakeven Point -


Using Actual Amounts				Units at Current Sales Price
+ 10,000 profit

Using actual amounts				New Contribution Margin
+ 10,000 profit				Current Variable Costs
				New Sales Price

ceruleanwombat580

ACCT 2230 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Earnings Before Interest And Taxes, Income Statement, Contribution Margin

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