ECON 1050 Chapter 13: Economics-1 (1) (dragged)

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That produces a good or service for which no close substitute exists. In which there is one supplier that is protected from competition by a barrier preventing the entry of new firms. If a good has a close substitute, even if it is produced by only one firm, that firm effectively faces competition from the producers of the substitute. A monopoly sells a good that has no close substitutes. A constraint that protects a firm from potential competitors is called a barrier to entry. Three types of barriers to entry are: natural, ownership, legal. Natural barriers to entry create natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is a market in which economies of scale enable one firm to supply the entire market at the lowest possible cost. One firm can produce 4 million units of output at 5 cents per unit. Two firms can produce 4 million units 2units each at 10 cents per unit.

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