FRHD 2110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Intellectual Disability, Cognitive Development, Occupational Therapy
1 Jun 2018
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FRHD 2110
CHAPTER 9
Why Is Zachary Considered to Be Autistic?
• Diagnosis of Autism
o Diagosis osidered to e depedet o the oseratio of a idiidual’s ehaiour
o DSM-V if child exhibits
▪ Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple
contexts
▪ Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities
o ASD is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder that incorporates several previously
separate diagnoses
▪ Autistic disorder, childhood disintegratie disorder, Asperger’s disorder,
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
o ASD has three levels of severity
▪ Requiring support, requiring substantial support, requiring very substantial
support
Diagnosing ASD
• Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
o Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging from abnormal social approaches and
failure of normal back-and-forth conversation, to reduce sharing of interests, emotions,
or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
o Deficits in nonverbal communication behaviours used for social interaction, ranging
from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; to abnormalities in eye
contact ad body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; to a total lack
of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
o Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships, ranging from
difficulties adjusting behaviour to suit various social contexts; to difficulties in sharing
imaginative play or in making friends; to absence of interest in peers
• Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities as manifested by at least 2 of
the following, currently or by history
o Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
o Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal
or nonverbal behaviour
o Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
o Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interesting sensory aspects of
environment
• Symptoms must be present in the earl development period
o May not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities, or may
be masked by learned strategies in later life
• Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important
areas of current functioning
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