FRHD 2110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Sleep Disorder, Reinforcement, Stress Management
1 Jun 2018
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FRHD 2110
CHAPTER 12
Why Is Owen Considered to Be At-Risk?
• Definition of At-Risk
o Biological (pregnancy and child health) and/or environmental risk factors (extreme
poverty and abuse) present in their lives
o At a considerable risk for failing school, enduring on-going social and behavioural
difficulties in school, dropping out, and experiencing significant difficulties throughout
their lives
• Diesios of the At-Risk Coept
o Risks status should be viewed as steps along a continuum, ranging from low risk to high
risk
o Risk factors are multidimensional and interactive
o Risk factors include factors from the individual level reaching far out of the societal level
▪ Individual, family, peer, school, social, community, social-cultural
o The at risk lael assues prediction
▪ Antecedent conditions or redisposing factors
o Risk is multiplicative
▪ Exposed to multiple risks increase the likelihood of having one or more problem
outcomes
o The nature and timing of risk factors may differentially affect outcomes
o Risk propensity is heightened during periods of transition
• Physical and behavioural indicators of child abuse and neglect
o Physical abuse
▪ Any act which, regardless of intent, results inn a non-accidental physical injury
to a child
▪ Physical indicators
• Questionable injuries such as
o Bruises, welts, and other injuries
o Burns
o Fracturs
o Lacerations or abrasions
▪ Behavioural indicators
• Being uncomfortable with physical contact
• Being wary of adult contacts
• Showing behavioural extremes, either aggression or withdrawal
• Not wanting to go home
• Reporting an injury by a parent
• Complaining of soreness or moving uncomfortably
• Wearing excessive clothing to cover the body
• Chronically running away from home
• Reluctance to change clothes for gym activities
o Neglect
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▪ A aregier’s failure to provide something that a child needs
▪ Physical indicators
• Undernourished appearance
• Lethargic
• Signs of inadequate food or sleep
• Untreated injuries
• Evidence of unattended illness
▪ Behavioural indicators
• Begging for or stealing food because of persistent hunger
• Poor hygiene
• Inappropriate dress for the weather
• Accidents and injuries
• Risky adolescent behaviour
• Promiscuity, drugs, and delinquency
• Being shunned by peers
• Clinging behaviour
o Sexual Abuse
▪ The misuse of adult authority by involving children in sexual activities
▪ Physical indicators
• More physical indicators would be found during a physical exam by a
medical practitioner
▪ Behavioural indicators
• Expressions of age-inappropriate knowledge of sex and sexually
pseudoature ehaiours
• Sexually explicit drawings
• Highly sexualized play
• Statements of unexplained feat of a person or place
• Stated desire to avoid a familiar adult
• Expressions of excessive concern about gender identity
o Boys
• Nightmares
• Sleep interruptions
• Withdrawal
• A hild’s stateet of seual ause
• Assessing the Student Who is At-Risk
o Diagnosed with ADHD
o Ko as the ad kid
Ho Has Oe’s Deelopet Bee Affeted the Traua He Has Eperieed?
• Physical development flourished and resulted in great athletic success
• Same cannot be said about social and emotional development or his cognitive development
• The Effets of Traua o a Child’s Deelopet
o Academic performance
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