MBG 2040 Chapter 13: Chapter 13 - Textbook and Lecture Notes

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Mutation: the ultimate source of genetic variability required for evolution: Mutation: a change in the genetic material of an organism, the process by which the change occurs. Mutant: an organism that exhibits a novel phenotype. Types of mutations: changes in chromosome structure and number, point mutations: changes at specific sites in a gene substitution, insertions or deletion. Mutations are the ultimate source of all genetic variation that is observed in the biosphere. Recombination mechanisms rearrange genetic information into new combinations. Natural selection preserves the combinations that are best adapted to the existing environment. Without mutations, all genes would exist in one form, i. e. there would be no alelles. Mutations alter the nucleotide sequences of genes in several ways including: the substitution of a single base pair for another, the deletio(cid:374) or i(cid:374)sertio(cid:374) of o(cid:374)e or a fe(cid:449) (cid:271)ase pair ((cid:272)olle(cid:272)ti(cid:448)ely (cid:272)alled (cid:862)i(cid:374)del(cid:863) (cid:373)utatio(cid:374) Errors resulting from dna replication: tautomeric shifts affect base-pairing.

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