PSYC 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter Modules: 1-8, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18: Adrenal Gland, Reticular Formation, Hypnagogia
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Natural"selection! !the!principle!that,!among!the!range!of!inherited!trait!variations,! those!contributing!to!reproduction!and!survival!will!most!likely!be!passed!on!to! succeeding!generations! important! principle! for! twentyjfirstjcentury! Biopsychosocial" approach! !an!integrated!approach!that!incorporates!biological,! psychological,!and!socialjcultural!levels!of!analysis: natural!selection!of!adaptive, genetic!predispositions!responding!to!environment! longstanding! controversy! over! This"perspective: socialdcultural1influences1, brain!mechanisms, hormonal!influences, learned!fears!and!other!learned!expectations, emotional!responses, cognitive!processing!and!perceptual!interpretations, presence!of!others, cultural,!societal,!and!family!expectations, peer!and!other!group!influences, compelling!models! (such!as!the!media)! How!the!body!and! messages!travel!from! brain!enable! the!hand!to!the! emotions,!memories,! brain? and!sensory! experiences! How!our!genes!and! psychological!traits! our!environment! such!as!personality,! influence!our! products!of!our! individual! genes? differences! From!biological!experimentation!to!cultural!comparisons,!the!tribe!of!psychology!is! united!by!a!common!quest:! describing1 and1 explaining1 behaviour1 and1 the1 mind1 underlying1it! Even!in!random!data,!we!often!find!order! ! random1 sequences1 often1 don"t1 look1 random! It1 is1 the1 resulting1 principles! ! not1 the1 specific1 findings! ! that1 help1 explain1 everyday1 behaviours! The!american!psychological!association"s!ethics!code!urges!researchers!to! (1)! obtain!potential!participants"!informed!consent,! (2)!protect!them!from!harm!and! discomfort,!(3)!keep!information!about!individual!participants!confidential,!and! (4)! fully!debrief!people! Our!labelling!someone!as! firm!or! stubborn,! careful!or! picky,! discreet!or! secretive! reveals!our!own!attitudes! The1 point1 to1 remember:! association1 does1 not1 prove1 causation. Experiment" !a!research!method!in!which!an!investigator!manipulates!one!or!more! factors! (independent!variables)!to!observe!the!effect!on!some!behaviour!or!mental! process!(the!dependent!variable). !by! random1 assignment!of!participants,!the! experimenter!aims!to!control!other!relevant!factors! Less?variable" observations" are" more" reliable" than" those" that" are" more" variable! (3)!more"cases"are"better"than"fewer! Includes! psychologists! working! in! neuroscience,! behaviour! genetics,! and! evolutionary!psychology. !these!researchers!may!call!themselves! behavioural1 neuroscientists,! neuroscientists,! behaviour1geneticists,! physiological1psychologists,!or! biopsychologists! Researchers!have!discovered : the!body!is!composed!of!cells, among!these!are!nerve!cells!that!conduct!electricity!and! talk !to!one! another!by!sending!chemical!messages!across!a!tiny!gap!that!separates!them, specific!brain!systems!serve!specific!functions! (though!not!the!functions!gall! supposed), we!integrate!information!processed!in!these!different!brain!systems!to! construct!our!experience!of!sights!and!sounds,!meanings!and!memories,!pain! and!passion, our!adaptive!brain!is!wired!by!our!experience!
