BIOL150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Organism, Herbaceous Plant, Siblicide
20 Jul 2016
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9. 6 reproductive effort: species vary in time and energy allocated to reproduction. Variation in energy production varies widely among different species. Reproductive investment includes costs of care and nourishment as well as the costs of producing offspring: aspects of reproductive allocation interact within context of environment to determine the return in terms of fitness. Could produce many small offspring or few large ones: ones that opt to produce many small offspring often inhabit unpredictable or disturbed environments or habitats such as the open ocean where parental care is difficult at best. Parents increase chances that some will survive and reproduce which increases parents fitness at the expense of the offspring"s fitness. Some animals are altrical: young are born helpless and need a lot of help. Others are precocial: young are born in more advanced stage and can move and forage for themselves. Parental care varies greatly in all animal groups but mammals.
