PSYCH211 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Visual Acuity, Habituation, Retina
8 Dec 2013
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Chapter 5: physical development in infancy and toddlerhood. Dramatic increase in body size rather than making steady gains, infants and toddlers grow in little spurts (babies = irritable and very hungry on days before spurts) Major change = transformation into round, plump baby by middle of first year ( baby fat heps maintain constant body temperature) In second year, most toddlers start to slim down: muscle tissue increases slowly and does not reach peak until adolescence. Girls slightly shorter/lighter than boys, higher ratio of fat to muscle (small sex differences persist throughout early and middle childhood and greatly magnified at adolescence) Two growth patterns: cephalocaudal trend: head to tail during prenatal period, head develops more rapidly than lower part of body, proximodistal trend: growth proceeds, literally, from near to far from center of body outward. Largest fontanel (anterior fontanel) gradually shrinks, filled up during 2nd year. Other fontanels smaller, so close more quickly.
