BIOL 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Light-Independent Reactions, Photic Zone, Ribulose
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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8. 1 energy and carbon are incorporated into carbohydrates. Lumen: space enclosed by thylakoid membrane: carbohydrate synthesis occurs here, stroma: region surrounding thylakoid membrane, photosynthetic organisms have mitochondria because chloroplasts only export carbohydrates to cytosol, not the atp it produces. Contains reaction centers: special chlorophyll molecules that transfer excited- state e- to e- -acceptor molecule (adjacent) *see below. Atp: e- reenter petc by pq, additional protons are transported from stroma to lumen, more protons in lumen=more atp made by atp synthase. 8. 4 photosynthesis faces several challenges to its efficiency. Lack causes plants to grow poorly in moderate light levels and die in full sunlight: rubisco has evolved to favor co2 over oxygen but reduces speed, can use both as substrates. Calvin cycle: slow speed causes cells to produce huge amounts of rubisco, synthesis of carbohydrates thru calvin cycle results in significant energy losses from photorespiration, max theoretical efficiency of photosynthesis: approx.
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