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BIO394 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Sodium Bicarbonate, Plant Nutrition, Elodea

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School
Bishop's University
Department
Biology
Course
BIO394
Professor
Jhonmeztler

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Document Summary

Photosynthesis is the fundamental process by which plants manufacture food molecules (carbohydrates) from raw materials co2 and h2o) using energy from light. The raw materials are co2, h2o and light energy. The products are glucose (starch) and o2: the process of photosynthesis. Green plants take in co2 through their leaves (by diffusion). H2o is absorbed through plants" roots (by osmosis), and transported to the leaf through xylem vessels. Chlorophyll traps light energy and absorbs it. This energy is used to break up h2o molecules, than to bond hydrogen and co2 to form glucose. Glucose is usually changed to sucrose for transport around the plant, or to starch for storage. O2 is released as a waste product, or used by plant for respiration. In this process, light energy is converted to chemical energy for the formation of glucose and its subsequent storage. #39 photosynthesis investigations - principles and starch test.

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Related Questions

Question 1 The membrane structures inside the chloroplast are called the ______, while the fluid surrounding the stacks of membrane is called the ______.
a. stroma; thylakoid
b. thylakoid; cytosol
c. thylakoid; stroma
d. thylakoid; matrix
e. matrix; thylakoid

Question 2 What is considered the ultimate source of energy for living things on Earth?
a. the sun
b. electrons
c. green plants
d. oxygen
e. ATP

Question 3 Why do most plant leaves appear green?
a. They contain a lot of starch which has a green color.
b. They have chloroplasts which absorb green light for photosynthesis.
c. During the light reaction phase carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen which emits green light.
d. They have chloroplasts which absorb all colors of light except for green, which is reflected.
e. During the dark reaction phase water is converted to oxygen which emits green light.

Question 4 Plants perform only photosynthesis, not respiration. True False

Question 5 What is the primary purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a. to create oxygen gas
b. to produce glucose
c. to convert solar energy to chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) to power the dark reactions
d. to remove carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere
e. to create water

Question 6 The light dependent reactions occur in the:
a. mitochondrial membrane.
b. mitochondrial matrix.
c. stroma.
d. thylakoid membrane.
e. cytosol.

Question 7 The energy to run the dark reactions of photosynthesis is produced _________.
a. by the CO2 initially used in the dark reactions.
b. during glycolysis
c. during the light reaction phase
d. during the Krebs cycle
e. during anaerobic respiration

Question 8 Which of the following substances could be totally eliminated and not interfere with the process of photosynthesis?
a. O2
b. H2O
c. light
d. CO2

Question 9 What product(s) do plants produce during photosynthesis that is/are used by humans and other animals?
a. carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. glucose and oxygen
d. glucose
e. oxygen

Question 10 Only plants can carry out photosynthesis. True False

Question 11 During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ...
a. oxygen is produced from H2O.
b. glycolysis occurs.
c. the Krebs cycle occurs.
d. CO2 is combined into glucose.
e. ATP is broken down to ADP + P

Question 12 The reactants of photosynthesis are:
a. sugar.
b. sugar and water.
c. O2 and CO2
d. O2 and sugar.
e. CO2 and water.

Question 13 During the dark reaction phase of photosynthesis in plants...
a. ATP is created.
b. H+ ions are moved into the stroma from the matrix.
c. molecules of CO2 are combined into sugar.
d. H2O is split into oxygen and H+.
e. solar energy is converted to chemical energy.

Photosynthesis Lab Report

  1. Plant Structure and Function

  1. Through the process called __________ plants convert lightenergy into

__________ energy. Record your answerbelow.

  1. In which structure of the plant does photosynthesis occur?

  1. What is the difference between xylem and phloem?

  1. Based on lab, Exercise 1, what is the name and function of thestructure labeled with the letter “H”?

  1. Chloroplast
  1. Based on Lab, Exercise 2, draw and label each part of thechloroplast. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing andinclude it with this lab report.

  1. What part of the process of photosynthesis occurs in thethylakoid compartment?

  1. What is the name and function of the structure labeled with theletter “E” in Exercise 2?

  1. Photosynthetic Products

  1. What are the three products of photosynthesis?

  1. What happens to the glucose that is not metabolizedimmediately?

  1. In the test for starch, which tube demonstrated a positive testfor starch? How do you know?

  1. Based on Lab, Exercise 3 explain why part of the leaf was amberin color.

  1. Light Absorption
  1. What pigment is used by plants to absorb light?

  1. In the video demonstration in Exercise 4 what happens to thelight spectrum when a green filter is placed in front of the lightsource?

  1. In step 3 of Exercise 4, which color was not absorbed by thespinach pigments?

  1. Photosynthetic Pigments
  1. What process is used in Exercise 5 to separate the plantpigments?

  1. Look at the chromatogram results in Exercise 5. What color isreflected by chlorophyll a?
  1. Which pigment reflected an orange color?

VI. Effect of Light and Temperature onPhotosynthesis

  1. What was the conclusion of Blackman’s first experiment on theeffect of light on photosynthesis?
  1. In his second experiment, what effect did increasingtemperature have on the rate of photosynthesis?

  1. Record the data from Exercise 6 below.

Lamp Distance

Temperature

Ave Bubble/min

75 cm

50 cm

25 cm

  1. In the experiment in Exercise 6, what conclusion can be drawnabout the effect of light and temperature on rate ofphotosynthesis?

Summary Questions

  1. Why do heterotrophs depend on autotrophs?

  1. Name two reactants necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

  1. How would the process of photosynthesis be affected if a planthad no stomata?
  1. What tool is used to separate white light into differentwavelengths of color?

  1. Explain why we see the color green on the leaves ofplants.

  1. What color is absorbed the least by the petals on asunflower?

  1. Photosynthesis consists of two phases. Which phase would beleast affected by living in an area where there are shorter daysand long periods of darkness?

  1. How could air pollution affect food production and the priceyou pay for food at the supermarket?

You need to

use outside sources (i.e., Internet, journal articles, other texts, etc.) to complete this assignment. Any additional research should be cited in APA format, and listed at the end of the assignment.

Tutorial: http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/science_up_close/512/deploy/interface.html Watch and listen to the tutorial found in the link above. Fill in the following answers as you watch. Stop and replay anything you don’t understand – this is a complicated topic!

1. Plants use photosynthesis to make __________________ for the plant.

2. What do plants need in order to perform photosynthesis?

3. How is the plant able to obtain each “ingredient?”

4. Identify the plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis takes place.

5. Summarize the process of photosynthesis. Water and carbon enter the chloroplast…..

6. What happens to the oxygen that is produced as a result of photosynthesis?

7. Why is photosynthesis also important for people and animals?

Virtual Lab #1 - http://www.reading.ac.uk/virtualexperiments/ves/preloader-photosynthesis-full.html

Bubbles are given off by the plant through photosynthesis. By measuring the rate at which the bubbles are produced it is possible to tell how fast the plant is photosynthesizing. Read and follow the directions on how to use this lab simulator. Press start and record the bubbles per minute for each of the following light distances.

Then graph your data (be sure to label each axis)!

Distance (cm) Bubbles per minute

100 Y axis

120 i

150

180

200 X Axis

8. Based on your data, draw a conclusion regarding how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Virtual Lab #2 - http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photolab.swf

In this lab, you will be experimenting with how different variables affect the rate of photosynthesis.

9. Set the thermometer to 25°C (Room Temperature) and the light intensity to 20.

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now increase the CO2 available to the elodea. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does the amount of available CO2 affect the rate of photosynthesis?

10. Keep your settings from 9c (25°C, light intensity of 20, increased CO2).

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now increase the temperature to 40°C. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does an increase in temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

11. Return to your settings from 9c (25°C, light intensity of 20, increased CO2).

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now decrease the temperature to 10°C. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does a decrease in temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis.

12. Alter the variables in order to determine which combination leads to the highest rate of photosynthesis. Which combination of settings produced the highest number of bubbles per minute? a. Temperature: ________

b. Light: ________

c. CO2: ________

Photosynthesis Tutorial: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview.html

Use this site to answer questions about photosynthesis.

13. In the blank portion of this paper, draw the picture which shows the overall process of photosynthesis.

14. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

15. Photosynthesis converts _________________ energy into the ____________________ energy of sugars and other organic compounds.