PSY 2105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Psychosis, Dissociative Disorder, Developmental Disorder
27 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ATTENTION DEFICIT / HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
WHAT IS ADHD?
ā¢A neurodevelopmental brain disorder marked by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes
with functioning or development
ā¢Inattention
Wanders off task
Lacks persistence
Has difļ¬culty sustaining focus
Is disorganized
Not due to deļ¬ance or lack of comprehension. ā itās not that you donāt understand , they literally canāt
ā¢Hyperactivity
Moves about constantly, including in situations in which it is not appropriate
Excessively ļ¬dgets, taps, or talks
In adults, may be extreme restlessness or wearing others out with constant activity
ā¢Impulsivity
Takes hasty actions that occur in the moment without ļ¬rst thinking about them and
that may have high potential for harm;
May have a desire for immediate rewards (inability to delay gratiļ¬cation).
May be socially intrusive or interrupt others
May make important decisions without considering the long-term consequences
CAUSES OF ADHD
ā¢Parts of the brain that deal with
Memory
Short term
Working memory
Central exec function / decision making
Impulse control
Prospective memory
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA - DSM 5
ā¢Six (or more) of the 9 symptoms with regards to inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, that have
persisted for at least 6!months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively
impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities
ā¢Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 years. ā
developmental disorder (DSM 4 was age 7. The change from 7 to 12 b/c itās easier to catch and diagnosis
for later)
ā¢Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., at home,
school, or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
ā¢There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic, or
occupational functioning. Has to be impairing.
ā¢The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder
and are not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative
disorder, personality disorder, substance intoxication or withdrawal). It has to be this and nothing else
ā¢Specify!whether:
Combined presentation:!If both Criterion A1 (inattention) and Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) are
met for the past 6 months.
Predominantly inattentive presentation:!If Criterion A1 (inattention) is met but Criterion A2
(hyperactivity-impulsivity) is not met for the past 6 months. Problem: it would be ADHDI
Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation:!If Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) is met and
Criterion A1 (inattention) is not met for the past 6 months.
ā¢Specify!if:
In partial remission:!When full criteria were previously met, fewer than the full criteria have been met for
the past 6 months, and the symptoms still result in impairment in social, academic, or occupational
functioning.
ā¢Specify!current severity:
Mild:!Few, if any, symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis are present, and
symptoms result in no more than minor impairments in social or occupational functioning.
Moderate:!Symptoms or functional impairment between āmildā and āsevereā are present.
Severe:!Many symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis, or several symptoms that
are particularly severe, are present, or the symptoms result in marked impairment in social or occupational
functioning.
HOW IS ADHD DIAGNOSED?
ā¢Clinical interview
With child
With parent
Social history
Medical/developmental history
ā¢WISC ā IQ test
Processing speed is a giveaway
Great opportunity for behavioural observation
ā¢Behavioural observation
