ANT101H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Species Problem, Evolutionary Taxonomy, Chondrichthyes
Document Summary
Discovering the human place in the organic world. Classification one way to scientifically deal with all this diversity; organizes it into categories and indicates evolutionary relationships. Phyla 20 groups in the kingdom animalia. Chordata one of the phyla; includes all animals with a nerve cord, gill slits, supporting cord along the back. Vertebrates: what chordatas are, developed brain, paired sensory structures for smell, balance, subdivided into 5 classes, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, amphibians. Major evolutionary modifications in structures occur with minor genetic changes. Homologies similarities between organisms based on descent from a common ancestor. Analogies similarities between organisms based strictly on common function with no assumed common evolutionary descent. Homoplasy the separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms. 2 approaches to evolutionary relationships with classifications: evolutionary systematics traditional, cladistics emerged in the last 3 decades. Last 2 decades, hypothesis birds are closely related to some dinosaurs, as they did not believe that at all before.
