BIO152H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Greater Prairie Chicken, Allele Frequency, Gene Pool
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Expression vectors inprokaryotes do not make functional eukaryotic gene products inbacteria very well because
Answer Not sure which one ?!
· the codon sequence for prokaryotes is differentthan the codon sequence in eukaryotes | ||
· there are no disulfide bridges formed in proteinsnormally made in prokaryotes | ||
· prokaryotic expression vectors cannot translateeukarytic sequences | ||
· eukaryotic genes have introns, and prokaryotesdon't | ||
· eukaryotic genes have exons and prokaryotesdon't |
I create a knockout mouseusing the agouti/black fur system \. When I cross the agoutioffspring of the originally engineered mouse, I find a ratio of 2agouti mice to 1 black furred mouse. What is the bestexplanation?
Answer not sure which one?!
· The gene knocked out was recessive. | ||
· The gene knocked out was dominant. | ||
· The gene knocked out was a lethalgene. | ||
· The knockput was integrated into a random spot,and did not knockput the original gene. |
A restriction enzyme cuts DNAand leaves the following end
xxCTGCA
xxG
Which of the following could be the sequence of the correspondingend of the other end of the cut DNA?
Answer
· xxG | |||||||||||||||||
· xxC | |||||||||||||||||
· xxCCGAT | |||||||||||||||||
| · xxGGCTA An SNP always occurs dueto Answer
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I PCR out a mutated gene in apatient with Lisenbee chorea (the inability to dance in acoordinated fashion) and I compare it to another patient with thatsame disease phenotype. One subject had a mutation on chromosome 4,and the other subject couldn't rock it because of a mutation onchromosome 5. This is an exampe of
Answer
· pleitropy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· locus heterogeneity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· allelic heterogeneity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· dominant negative mutation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| · penetrance In his experiments, Mendelnoted that when two traits are involved in a genetic cross, theyare inherited independently of each other. Though Mendel didn'tknow about chromosomes, this still holds true (mostly)because Answer
Anticipation is caused by amutation that increases in expressivity over subsequentgenerations. Answer · True · False Question 44 I have a genotype that shouldproduce a specific phenotype, but some of the individuals with thegenotype do not demonstrate any evidence of the phenotype. I wouldconsider this an example of Answer
Question Which of the following doesnot occur during the PCR reactions? Answer
Question DNA markers, or variantnon-coding regions of DNA, are DNA polymorphisms that are usefulfor genetic mapping. Answer · True · False |
A mosaic is an organismwith
Answer
· multiple genotypes within one organism | ||
· multiple alleles within one genotype | ||
· more than one color of fur | ||
· transgenes added to the zygote beforedevelopement | ||
· a wt phenotype but a mutated genotype |
Question
Genotype causesphenotype.
Answer
· No, gentoype just influences phenotype. | ||
· Yes, genotype is the DNA sequence that createsphenotype. |
Question
A true genetic chimera can becreated by
Answer
· mutating a gene early on in the development of anorganism resulting in different alleles being present in theadult | ||
· multiple fertilized eggs or zygotes fusing to formone embryo | ||
· adding a transgene to the genome of an organismduring fetal development only | ||
· adding cells of a different species to an adultorganism | ||
· adding a transgene to the genome of an animal atany stage in development |
Question
The ABO blood group can bestbe explained by the concept of _______.
Answer
· dominant traits | ||
· recessive traits | ||
· allelic heterogeneity | ||
· locus heterogeneity | ||
· vampirism |
If a loss of functionmutation creates a dominant phenotype, it may be becauseof
Answer
· haploinsufficiency | ||
· penetrance | ||
· expressivity | ||
· allelic heterogeneity | ||
· locus heterogeneity |
Please select the best matchfor each.
Answer
| Answer
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A gene mutates, and theprotein produced has a novel way of interacting with the cell, andcreates a new phenotype because of this new functionality. This iscalled
Answer
· pleitropy | ||
· locus heterogeneity | ||
· allelic heterogeneity | ||
· dominant negative mutation | ||
· gain of function dominant mutation |
Question 62
Mutations in the somaticchromosomes may be inherited by the next generation.
Answer
· True
· False
A degenerate PCR primer withmany variant sequences must be used to make multiple copies of agene
Answer
· if only the protein sequence of the gene productis known to construct the primers | ||
· if the DNA you are using is cDNA to constructthe primers | ||
· if the DNA you are using is genomic DNA to becopied | ||
· if the DNA you are trying to copy iscDNA | ||
· if the vector is prokaryotic and the transformedcell is eukarytotic |
Question
Please select the best matchfor each term.
Answer
| Answer
|
Question
A couple goes on MauryPovitch, and the results are in: you are not the father. But noother man impregnated the female (granted, unlikely for a MauryPovitch guest, but work with me here) and he must be the father.DNA analysis claims otherwise, though the child definitely wasmom's (poor thing). What may be going on here?
Answer
· the child is parthenogenic because the motheractually impregnated herself like a shark, and the child's DNA isall mom's | ||
· the child had a mutation that changed the genethat is used to trace paternity | ||
· the child is a mosaic because he is actually a setof twins fused early during fetal development, and therefore camefrom 2 eggs and 2 sperm | ||
· the dad may have germ-line mosaicism, meaning thatthe genotype of his sperm is different from his somaticgenotype | ||
· mitochondrial DNA only comes from mom, so there isno way to tell whobthe baby's father is |
1. Characters that show a continuous range of variation, such as height and eye color, usually are controlled:
| a. | by a single gene with two alleles that are codominant. |
| b. | by many genes with an additive effect. |
| c. | by epistatic interactions between two genes. |
| d. | mainly by the environment, with only a small genetic component. |
2. In humans, red-green colorblindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. In order for a woman to be red-green colorblind, which of the following statements must be true.
| a. | Her mother must be red-green colorblind. |
| b. | All of her brothers must be red-green colorblind. |
| c. | Her father must be red-green colorblind. |
| d. | All of the above statements must be true if a woman is red-green colorblind. |
3. The x-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin suggested to Watson and Crick that the:
| a. | structure of DNA is a double helix. |
| b. | two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases. |
| c. | four bases within DNA pair in a specific way. |
| d. | two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by covalent bonds between the bases. |
4. In the genetic code, _________ one amino acid.
| a. | one nucleotide specifies |
| b. | two nucleotides specify |
| c. | three nucleotides specify |
| d. | four nucleotides specify |
5. During Meiosis I, a homologous pair of chromosomes may not separate, resulting in daughter cells that have extra chromosomes or are missing chromosomes. This can lead to genetic disorders, including Down Syndrome. This phenomenon is called:
| a. | independent assortment. |
| b. | nondisjunction. |
| c. | segregation. |
| d. | crossing over. |
6. You are a human geneticist studying the incidence of retinitis pigmentosa in the residents of Tristan de Cunha, a group of small islands in the middle of the southern Atlantic Ocean. The allele for retinitis pigmentosa, which causes a form of blindness, is inherited as an autosomal recessive. You have determined that the frequency of this allele (r) in the population is 0.4 (40%). Using the principles of the Hardy-Weinberg rule, you would estimate the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous for this allele (Rr) in the population to be:
| a. | 0.16 (16%) |
| b. | 0.24 (24%) |
| c. | 0.36 (36%) |
| d. | 0.48 (48%) |
7. Natural selection acts at the level of the:
| a. | phenotype. |
| b. | gene. |
| c. | population. |
| d. | nucleotide. |
8. You are working with pea plants, trying to recreate the experiments that Mendel performed. You are doing a dihybrid cross with a plant that is heterozygous for both seed shape and seed color, with the genotype RrYy. Which allelic combinations would you expect to find in the gametes produced by this plant?
| a. | This plant would produce only RY and ry gametes. |
| b. | This plant would produce only RrYy gametes. |
| c. | This plant would produce RY, Ry, rY, and ry gametes. |
| d. | You cannot determine which gametes this plant can produce without knowing the genotypes of its parents. |
9. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there is a special relationship between the four bases that we now call Chargaff's rule. His observation was that, in an organism's genome the:
| a. | percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides. |
| b. | four bases all occur in an equal frequency (25%) within each organism. |
| c. | percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides. |
| d. | genetic material is composed of proteins, not DNA. |
10. During DNA replication:
| a. | each strand of the double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. |
| b. | the enzyme DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the strand being synthesized. |
| c. | the bases A,C,G and T are required. |
| d. | All of the above are true of DNA replication. |
11. During translation, amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to make polypeptides. The formation of these peptide bonds is catalyzed by:
| a. | DNA. |
| b. | mRNA. |
| c. | tRNA. |
| d. | rRNA. |
12. If an allele (R) at a gene with two alleles shows complete dominance, individuals with the genotypes ______ will have the same phenotype.
| a. | RR and rr. |
| b. | RR and Rr |
| c. | Rr and rr |
| d. | Each of the three possible genotypes will have a different phenotype. |
