BIO153H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Phylogenetic Tree, Carl Linnaeus, Binomial Nomenclature
Document Summary
Linnaeus grouped organisms into a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories. Taxon: the named taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy. Characters that are useful for classifying one group of organisms may not be appropriate for other organisms. Phylogenetic tree: evolutionary history of a group of organisms, branching diagram, reps a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships, general pattern of branching = tree topology, branch points o rep the divergence of two evolutionary lineages. Classification is to be based entirely on evolutionary relationships. Phylocode: names groups that include common ancestor and all of its descendants, groups would no longer have attached ranks . Generally, organisms that share similar morphologies or dna sequence are likely to be more closely related. Genes or other dna sequences are homologous if they are descended from sequences carried by a common ancestor. Convergent evolution occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar adaptations in organisms from different evolutionary lineages.
