BIO153H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Transposable Element, Protist

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26 Mar 2017

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Phylogeny the evolutionary history of a species or a group of species. Systematics a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. Taxonomy the scientific discipline of how organisms are named and classified. Made up of the animal"s genus name +species name to avoid ambiguity. Initiated by carolus linnaeus in the 18th century. Linnaeus grouped species into a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories: domain > kingdom > phylum > class > order > family > genus > species. Taxon taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy. Phylogenetic tree a branching diagram representing the evolutionary history of a group of organisms or a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships. Phylocode names groups that include a common ancestor and all of its descendant, does not include ranks like family or class. Evolutionary relationships is represented by branch points representing divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor.

Related Questions

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

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D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.