BIO312H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Pyruvic Acid, Acetyl Group, Glycolysis

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17 Dec 2016

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Process by which plants use sunlight (photons) to turn carbon dioxide into sugars. 6 co2(g) + 6 h2o + photons c6h12o6(aq) + 6 o2(g) Photons are used to split water that was absorbed by the roots. Rubisco splits water into oxygen, h+ (proton) and electrons. Protons and the energized electrons produce nadph. Oxygen diffuses out as a waste product. Adp is synthesized into atp in oxidative phosphorylation because of the excited electrons. The calvin cycle takes the carbon dioxide, atp, and nadph from the previous reactions to produce sugar. You can regonise the reaction by looking for rubisco, its substrate rubisco-1-5-biphosphate, and seeing co2 and water in the process. The calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. Too little light (cid:373)ea(cid:374)s that ru(cid:271)is(cid:272)o (cid:449)o(cid:374)"t ha(cid:448)e e(cid:374)ough light to rea(cid:272)t (cid:449)ith (cid:449)ater to (cid:373)ake proto(cid:374)s etc. , so very little atp and nadph can be made. The lack of atp and nadph means the light.

Related Questions

Matching: Choose the BEST answer to complete each matchingstatement. There is one correct answer for each fill in the blank.Use of letters to answer is fine.

Choices A). Oxygen F). Water K.) ADP P.) AbsorbU.) Stroma of Chloroplast B.) NADP G.) NADPH L). ATP Q.) ReleaseV.) Transpiration C.) Close H.) Open M.) Nitrogen R.) Glucose W.)Thylakoid Membranes D.) Electrons I.) Stomata N.) AMP S.) SunlightX.) Light Reaction E.) Carotenoids J.) Carbon Dioxide O.)Chlorophyll T.) Dark Reaction Y.) Hydrogen ion

1. List the reactants of the light reactions.

2. List the products of the light reactions

3. List the reactants of the dark reactions (Calvin BensonCycle).

4. List the products of the dark reactions (Calvin BensonCycle).

5. In the light reactions (a) is split releasingthese three things (b)

6. (a) for the dark reactions (Calvin Benson cycle) is obtainedby opening the (b) .

7. (a) is lost to the environment through the open (b)

8. The light reactions occur on/in the .

9. The dark reactions (Calvin Benson cycle) occur on/in the.

10.(a) absorb additional wavelengths of light and protect (b)from damage.

cerisetermite288

Question 1 The membrane structures inside the chloroplast are called the ______, while the fluid surrounding the stacks of membrane is called the ______.
a. stroma; thylakoid
b. thylakoid; cytosol
c. thylakoid; stroma
d. thylakoid; matrix
e. matrix; thylakoid

Question 2 What is considered the ultimate source of energy for living things on Earth?
a. the sun
b. electrons
c. green plants
d. oxygen
e. ATP

Question 3 Why do most plant leaves appear green?
a. They contain a lot of starch which has a green color.
b. They have chloroplasts which absorb green light for photosynthesis.
c. During the light reaction phase carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen which emits green light.
d. They have chloroplasts which absorb all colors of light except for green, which is reflected.
e. During the dark reaction phase water is converted to oxygen which emits green light.

Question 4 Plants perform only photosynthesis, not respiration. True False

Question 5 What is the primary purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a. to create oxygen gas
b. to produce glucose
c. to convert solar energy to chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) to power the dark reactions
d. to remove carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere
e. to create water

Question 6 The light dependent reactions occur in the:
a. mitochondrial membrane.
b. mitochondrial matrix.
c. stroma.
d. thylakoid membrane.
e. cytosol.

Question 7 The energy to run the dark reactions of photosynthesis is produced _________.
a. by the CO2 initially used in the dark reactions.
b. during glycolysis
c. during the light reaction phase
d. during the Krebs cycle
e. during anaerobic respiration

Question 8 Which of the following substances could be totally eliminated and not interfere with the process of photosynthesis?
a. O2
b. H2O
c. light
d. CO2

Question 9 What product(s) do plants produce during photosynthesis that is/are used by humans and other animals?
a. carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. glucose and oxygen
d. glucose
e. oxygen

Question 10 Only plants can carry out photosynthesis. True False

Question 11 During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ...
a. oxygen is produced from H2O.
b. glycolysis occurs.
c. the Krebs cycle occurs.
d. CO2 is combined into glucose.
e. ATP is broken down to ADP + P

Question 12 The reactants of photosynthesis are:
a. sugar.
b. sugar and water.
c. O2 and CO2
d. O2 and sugar.
e. CO2 and water.

Question 13 During the dark reaction phase of photosynthesis in plants...
a. ATP is created.
b. H+ ions are moved into the stroma from the matrix.
c. molecules of CO2 are combined into sugar.
d. H2O is split into oxygen and H+.
e. solar energy is converted to chemical energy.

coffeelion96

1. All of the following are correct descriptions of photosynthesis except:

A) The Calvin Cycle is endergonic.

B) Electrons are supplied to the reaction center via the splitting of water, which yields O2 as a byproduct

C) Chlorophyll and accessory pigments capture energy from the sun in the form of electrons, which they use to drive the electron transport chains of photosystems I and II.

D) ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are used to power CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle in the light-independent reactions.

2. In glycolysis and the TCA cycle, glucose is _____ down to CO2; this process _____ lots of ATP and reducing power. In photosynthesis, CO2 is ______ back to sugar by the _______ of lots of ATP and reducing power.

A) reduced; requires; oxidized; production

B) oxidized; requires; reduced; production

C) oxidized; produces; reduced; input

D) reduced; produced; oxidized; input

3. Which description accurately compares cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Photosynthesis uses energy captured from sunlight to power the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration oxidizes sugars to yield energy for the cell.

B) The ATP produced via cellular respiration is needed to power the reactions of photosynthesis

C) The pathways of photosynthesis are those of cellular respiration run in reverse.

D) Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to oxidize carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration reduces these sugars to yield energy for the cell.

BIO312H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Pyruvic Acid, Acetyl Group, Glycolysis

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