ENV100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Environmental Science, Renewable Resource, Jared Diamond

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Environment: the sum total of our surroundings, including all living things (biotic) and non living (abiotic) things with which we interact. Environmental science is the study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us and how we affect our environment. There are limits to many of our natural resources various substances and energy sources we need to survive. Resources that are replenishable over short and accessible periods of time are called renewable natural resources, which includes wind energy, sunlight and wave energy. Renewable natural resources may become non-renewable if we begin to consume the resource faster than it is replenished. Renewable resources are sometimes referred to as stock and flow resources. Non-renewable natural resources: a natural resource that is limited in supply and is formed much more slowly than we harvest it. Human population growth has shaped our resource use.

Related Questions

Question1.1. Accidental alterationsduring DNA replication that give rise to variations in organismsare __________. (Points : 1)

adaptive traits
mutations
symbioses
random distributions

Question2.2. The largest reservoir ofcarbon in the carbon cycle is comprised of _________. (Points :1)

freshwater systems andoceans
plants and animals
sedimentary rock andfossil fuels
atmosphere

Question3.3. The principle of utility________. (Points : 1)

holds that any naturalresource should be available for use in manufacturing
holds that something isright when it produces the greatest benefit for the greatest numberof people
is not an ethicalstandard
cannot be used toestimate the value of natural resources

Question4.4. The two processes thatdetermine current biodiversity on a global scale are __________.(Points : 1)

allopatric speciation andimmigration
mutation and habitatselection
mutation and globalclimate change
extinction andspeciation

Question5.5. The conservation ethicholds that we should ________. (Points : 1)

exploit natural resourcesfor economic gain regardless of sustainability
be prudent and efficientin the use of natural resources
consider the environmentthe ultimate servant of mankind
maintain the environmentin a pristine, unaltered state

Question6.6. The preservation ethicholds that we should ________. (Points : 1)

be responsible for wisemanagement while using natural resources
protect areas againstdevelopment while allowing public access
harvest naturalresources
maintain the naturalenvironment in a pristine, unaltered state

Question7.7. Trophic levels and foodchains diagram __________. (Points : 1)

logistic curves
energy flow in anecosystem
population density
natural resourcefluctuations

Question8.8. A hypothesis is ________.(Points : 1)

a prediction
an educated guess thatexplains a phenomenon or answers a question
an instrument that isused to examine environmental conditions
the design of anexperiment that can be used for the process of science

Question9.9. A biocentric view of theworld emphasizes ________. (Points : 1)

the role of corporationsin environmental law
the importance ofconsidering environmental impacts on all living things
the importance ofeconomics in environmental decisions
the dual-natured view ofhumans and animals as environmental controls

Question10.10. Malthus was responsiblefor ________. (Points : 1)

the book The PopulationBomb that described the disastrous effects of human populationgrowth
the idea that theincrease in human population would lead to famine and war
the concept that humanpopulation growth would lead to greater industry and prosperitythrough education
instituting fertilizeruse for agriculture

Question11.11. Ecology is ________.(Points : 1)

the study of how to solveenvironmental problems
the study of organismsand their interactions with each other and the environment
a subfield ofenvironmentalism
the study of the E. colifamily of bacteria

Question12.12. The scientific processis based on ________. (Points : 1)

observations thatresearchers keep in a scientific journal
testing hypotheses builton observation, and revising them based on results
intuitive understandingof natural laws and processes
the ancient writings ofHeraclitus

Question13.13. Which of the followingis an abiotic factor? (Points : 1)

Amphibians
Wood
Mammals
Water

Question14.14. In environmentalscience, "carrying capacity" means the ___________. (Points :1)

maximum population sizethat a given environment can sustain
average number of viableoffspring produced within a population
potential number ofspecies in a given area
limitation on the numberof species in an ecosystem

Question15.15. The Cuyahoga River madepeople aware of environmental problems because __________. (Points: 1)

people in manycommunities became sick when using water from the river
the drinking water inelementary schools near the river became contaminated
the river caught onfire
the river stoppedsupporting any plant or animal life

Question16.16. The conversion processwhere nitrogen gas combines with hydrogen to form ammonium ions,which is accomplished through the intense energy of lightening orwhen air in the top layer of soil comes into contact with certainbacteria, is known as ________. (Points : 1)

the carbon cycle
nitrogen fixation
ionic conversation
bacterial ionization

Question17.17. The fresh water wedepend on for survival accounts for approximately __________ of allwater on Earth. (Points : 1)

two-thirds
one-third
10%
3%

Question18.18. A paradigm is ________.(Points : 1)

a group of severalhypotheses that can be tested together
a dominant view inscience
the same as ahypothesis
synonymous with thescientific method

Question19.19. The degree of disorderin a substance, system, or process is called ________. (Points :1)

chaos
entropy
energy
electricity

Question20.20. A population is definedas ___________. (Points : 1)

a group of individuals ofmultiple, interacting species that live in a particular area
a group of similarspecies that inhabit various ecosystems
a group of individuals ofa single species inhabiting a particular area
(crude birth rate +immigration rate) - (crude death rate - emigration rate)

periwinklecoyote319

1. Describe the toxic effects of mercury and its compounds and explain how we are exposed to these toxins. (3 points)

Climate Disruption/Atmospheric Warming â Please answer each question separately in this series of short essays, using your own words. (6 points total) Iâve assigned the number of points required to minimally answer each one, but extra credit may be earned for demonstrating a thorough understanding.

2. Describe a) the Earthâs natural greenhouse effect and the atmospheric gases involved and b) the enhanced greenhouse effect and its consequences. (1 point)

3. In what ways do oceans help moderate climate change? Describe the harmful positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1 point)

4. Thoroughly describe the effects of melting land ice and snow - such as glaciers in Greenland and the Himalayas - on the environment and on people. Describe the positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1.5 points)

5. Describe why melting sea ice does not contribute significantly to sea level rise. (A knowledge of basic physics or chemistry will help.) (0.5 point)

6. So, what ARE the major harmful effects caused by melting sea ice? (1 point)

7. Describe the role of melting permafrost in climate disruption, and the positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1 point)

Risk
8. What are the three major risks you face from each of the following a) your lifestyle, b) where you live, and c) what you do for a living? Which of these is voluntary and which are involuntary? What steps can you take to reduce these risks? (3 points)

Green taxes, tax shifting
9. Summarize how we can discourage pollution and resource waste by taxing it. Why is the United States Congress slow to enact green taxes? (3 points)

Individuals (in Business) Matter
10. Briefly describe Mike Biddleâs contribution to plastics recycling (1 point)

11. Briefly describe three principles of sustainability specifically adopted by Ray Andersonâs carpet company, Interface. (1 point)

Environmental Law
12. Summarize the political controversy over managing the four major types of US public lands. (3 points) For a little extra credit, you may also cite recent news about legislation to open more public land to drilling, mining, logging, etc.

Comprehensive Final Essay: Perverse Subsidies
The negative effects of perverse government subsidies and how they directly compound other problems have been mentioned throughout the textbook and in Myersâ guest essay âPerverse Subsidiesâ. In order to answer the questions below, youâll be gathering your information from various chapters. If you remember sufficient detail without having to look things up, you must say so (âfrom memoryâ). Otherwise, please cite all pages consulted.

NOTE: I am NOT asking for a recap of all the environmental and social problems associated with agriculture, fisheries, mining, etc. (That would be a very long discussion!) Each chapter section describes information specific to subsidies for each industry. Please summarize in your own words. (Total 5 points) Once again, Iâve assigned the number of points required to minimally answer each topic, but extra credit may be earned. This is your chance to pull ahead with your insight into subsidies!

13. Agricultural subsidies
Describe how U.S. government perverse subsidies for industrial agriculture (in general) have negatively affected the environment and society in the U.S. and in other countries. (2 points)

14. Continue to describe the perverse subsidies for each of the following industries, and some of the harmful consequences due to current subsidies: (3 points)

*Fisheries

*Mining

*Oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power (nonrenewable energy resources)

ENV100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Environmental Science, Renewable Resource, Jared Diamond

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