AST101H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5 + 14: Chemical Element, Energy Level, Solar Minimum

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orchidcamel574

29 Jan 2016

School

UTSG

Department

Astronomy & Astrophysics

Course

AST101H1

Professor

Michael Reid

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AST101H1 Full Course Notes

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Explain the line features in the solar spectrum as absorption lines. Describe how light interacts with matter at the atomic level. Interpret the absorption lines in the solar spectrum to determine the chemical composition of the sun. Describe how absorption lines in the sun can be used to tell us the sun"s. Distinguish wavelengths of light that pass through earth"s atmosphere from chemical composition those that get absorbed. Explain how physical conditions, namely temperature and density , lead to the production of the three types of spectra: emission, absorption, and continuous. Give examples of terrestrial and celestial objects which would produce each of the three types of spectra and explain how they do it. Describe how spectroscopy can be used to measure the physical characteristics of celestial objects, including their: speed of radial motion, chemical composition, temperature. Draw a diagram to explain the doppler effect. Ordinary matter is made of atoms, which are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Introduction. Telescope time is a valuablecommodity in astronomy, so astronomers plan their observationscarefully. One of the first steps is to choose what type ofobservation to make. Recall that three basic types of astronomicalobservation are imaging (taking a photograph of anobject), spectroscopy (spreading an object's light into aspectrum), and timing (measuring how an object's lightvaries with time).

Part A: Sort each of the astronomical questionsbelow into the appropriate bin based on the type of observation youwould need to perform to answer it.

Three Categories: Imagine, Spectroscopy andTiming

The Questions:

1. "What are the major surface features of Mars?"

2. "What is the temperature of Jupiter's atmosphere?"

3. "Does the star Mira vary in brightness?"

4. "How large is the Andromeda Galaxy?"

5. "What is the chemical composition of the Crab Nebula?"

6. "Is the X-ray emission fro the galactic center steady orchanging?"

7. "Is the star Vega moving toward us or away from us?"

8. "Are stars in the Orion Nebula surrounded by dusty disks ofgas?"

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Introduction: Different telescopes areoptimized for observing different wavelengths of light, so anotherconsideration in planning an observation is deciding what type oftelescope to use.

Part B: Each of the following statementsdescribes an astronomical measurement. Place each measurement intothe appropriate bin based on the type of telescope you would use tomake it.

Three Categories: Infrared Telescope, VisibleLight Telescope and X-Ray Telescope

The Statements:

1. Study a dense cloud of cold gas in space.

2. Measure the brightness of a star that is similar to ourSun.

3. Observe the hot (1-million K) gas in the Sun's corona.

4. Obtain a spectrum of sunlight reflected by Mars.

5. Determine the surface temperature of Venus.

6. Look for high-energy radiation from a supernova.

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AST101H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5 + 14: Chemical Element, Energy Level, Solar Minimum

AST101H1 Full Course Notes

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