BIO120H1 Chapter 19: Bio Chapter 19.doc

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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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Chapter 19 ecological succession and community development (392-399, a; 400-402, c; 403-408, a/b) While communities exist in a continuous state of flux species die and are replaced by new ones communities seem not to change appreciably over time. It is only when a community is disturbed (e. g. by volcano or fire) that considerable changes can be observed. To begin, pioneering species adapted to disturbed habitats will move in, they are then replaced by other species and eventually the community regains its former structure. Succession: the sequence of changes in community composition initiated by disturbance. Climax community: the ultimate or final association of species or community composition attained after disturbance. Pioneering species which are attracted to a disturbed habitat because of their ability to withstand such conditions will modify a habitat. Plants may affect shade level, contribute to detritus in soil, alter moisture content, etc.

Related Questions

1) Explain why we typically find more species under conditions of intermediate disturbance compared to either rare or frequent disturbance. (Ch. 18)

2) Why might you expect communities with fewer species to contain fewer trophic levels? (Ch. 18)

3) How do ecologists distinguish between primary and secondary succession? (Ch. 19)

4) When using a chronosequence to document the pathway of succession, what are the assumptions? (Ch. 19)

5) Why should we not expect a single climax community within a biome? (Ch. 19)

6) Compare and contrast the concepts of facilitation, inhibition, and tolerance in the context of ecological succession. (Ch. 19)

7) When a community experiences succession, why does the species richness of a community initially increase, then plateau, and finally decline? (Ch. 19)

8) Why do early- and late-successional species tend to possess different adaptations? (Ch. 19)

9) Why is the efficiency of energy transfer between two trophic levels generally quite low? (Ch. 20)

10) How do ecologists distinguish between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity? (Ch. 20)

11) Compare and contrast the measurement of primary productivity in terrestrial vs. aquatic systems. (Ch. 20)

12) What factors limit the net primary productivity of terrestrial systems? (Ch. 20)

orangedolphin399

Based on the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, which of these communities do you think would have the highest number of species of aquatic insects? (circle one)

a. Riverbed substrate is disturbed by seasonal flood events, dislodging aquatic insects and their habitat from the river bottom.

b. Riverbed substrate is disturbed by daily water release below a hydroelectric dam, dislodging aquatic insects and their habitat from the river bottom.

c. Riverbed substrate is rarely disturbed by flood events, and dislodging of aquatic insects and their habitat from the river bottom happens only about once per year.

I think its A, but I am unsure

a community's species diversity is:
a. incresed by freguent massive disturbance
b. increased by stable conditions with no disturbance
c. increased by moderate levels of disturbance
d. increased when humans intervene to eliminate disturbance
e. increased by intensive disturbance by humans

I think that answer is b but not sure help

amaranthskunk190

BIO120H1 Chapter 19: Bio Chapter 19.doc

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