Textbook Guide Economics: Average Variable Cost, Sunk Costs, Market Power

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A competitive market has many buyers and sellers. The goods and services sold in a competitive market are homogeneous, or nearly identical. Both the firms and the sellers in a competitive market are price takers. This means that a single buyer or seller has no effect on the price. In a competitive market there are no barriers to entry, and firms can enter or exit the market freely. Since firms in a competitive market are price takers and cannot raise the price of their product, the only way to increase revenue is by increasing output. For a competitive firm, marginal revenue = price. Average revenue = total revenue / quantity sold. The competitive firm should produce until marginal cost = marginal revenue. If marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, the firm can increase profit by increasing output. According to the figure below, if the firm is producing in q1, it should raise production.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following is a difference between a perfectly competitive market and a monopoly?

A. There are huge barriers to entry in a perfectly competitive market, while there are no barriers to entry in a monopoly.

B. The market demand curve faced by a perfectly competitive firm is horizontal, while the market demand curve in a monopoly is downward-sloping.

C. The sellers in a perfectly competitive market are price-makers, while a seller in a monopoly market is a price-taker.

D. The equilibrium price in a perfectly competitive market exceeds marginal revenue, while the equilibrium price in a monopoly equals marginal revenue.

2. Which of the following firms is likely to have the highest market power?

A. An oligopoly with homogeneous products

B. A monopoly

C. A monopolistic competitor

D. A perfectly competitive firm

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32. Which of the following is not a difference between monopolies and perfectly competitive markets?

A. Monopolies face downward sloping demand curves while perfectly competitive firms face horizontal demand curves.

B. Monopolies charge a price higher than marginal cost while perfectly competitive firms charge a price equal to marginal cost.

C. Monopolies can earn profits in the long run while perfectly competitive firms break even.

D. Monopolies choose to produce the quantity at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost while perfectly competitive firms do not.

40. Which of the following statements is not correct?

A. Both monopolies and monopolistically competitive firms can earn economic profits in the long run.

B. Both monopolistically competitive and perfectly competitive firms can earn economic profits in the short run.

C. Only competitive firms produce the welfare-maximizing level of output.

D. Firms in perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopoly maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

43. A monopolistically competitive firm is currently producing 20 units of output. At this level of output the firm is charging a price equal to $20, has marginal revenue equal to $12, has marginal cost equal to $12, and has average total cost equal to $18. From this information we can infer that

A. the profits of the firm are negative.

B. firms are likely to leave this market in the long run.

C. the firm is currently maximizing its profit.

D. All of the above are correct.

1. Markets and competition In a perfectly competitive market, all producers sell (perfectly identical/different) goods or services. Additionally, there are (few,many) buyers and sellers. Because of these two characteristics, both buyers and sellers in perfectly competitive markets are price (takers,makers)

True or False: The market for lettuce does not exhibit the two primary characteristics that define perfectly competitive markets.

Textbook Guide Economics: Average Variable Cost, Sunk Costs, Market Power

ECO101H1 Full Course Notes

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