GGR107H1 Chapter Notes -Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Organic Farming, Sustainable Agriculture

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27 May 2012

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Farmers have tried to promote sustainable agriculture: agriculture that does not deplete soils faster than they form. Products that are represented as organic must be certified by canadian food. Sales for organic foods are been rapidly increasing. Many consumers favour organic products due to health concerns. Consumers will have to pay more for organic products. Organic agriculture succeeds because of its many problems introduced by high-input agriculture. The science behind the story: organic farming put to the test. Fields of wheat and potatoes that are been grown organically and some that use chemicals have been tested in switzerland. There is more food production with the chemically produced foods. Organic farmers keep yields higher to deal with conserving soil quality. The science behind the story: alisa smith and james mackinnon. Alisa smith and james mackinnon were expecting company but they found out it was food.

Related Questions

Give the major organic product for the following reaction. CH_3CH_2BR + (CH_3CH_2CH_2)_2 CuLi rightarrow

salmonwildebeest602

Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. Windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, and pollution from factories are all examples of aerosols. Depending upon their size, type, and location, aerosols can either cool the surface, or warm it. They can help clouds to form, or they can inhibit cloud formation. And if inhaled, some aerosols can be harmful to people's health.

These maps show average monthly aerosol amounts around the world based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Satellite measurements of aerosols, called aerosol optical thickness, are based on the fact that the particles change the way the atmosphere reflects and absorbs visible and infrared light. An optical thickness of less than 0.1 (palest yellow) indicates a crystal clear sky with maximum visibility, whereas a value of 1 (reddish brown) indicates very hazy conditions.

High aerosol amounts are linked to different process in different places and times of year. High aerosol amounts occur over South America from July through September. This pattern is due to land clearing and agricultural fires that are widespread across the Amazon Basin and Cerrado regions during the dry season. Aerosols have a similar seasonal pattern in Central America (March-May), central and southern Africa (June-September, and Southeast Asia (January-April).

In other cases, however, aerosol concentrations are not related to fires. For example, from May through August each year, aerosol amounts rise dramatically around the Arabian Peninsula and nearby oceans due to dust storms. Elevated aerosol amounts nestle at the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains in northern India in some months, and linger over eastern China for much of the year. These elevated aerosol amounts are due to human-produced air pollution.

What is the most likely source of the high concentration of particulates that appear off the coast of northwestern Africa?

What is the most likely source of the high concentrations of particulates over central Africa and central South America?

What is the most likely source of the high concentrations of particulates over eastern China?

apricottermite85

A nuclear reaction is represented by an equation similar to theequation for a chemical reaction. An example of a nuclear reactionis the decay of radium into radon by the emission of an alphaparticle (a helium nucleus). The equation for this reactionis

^{226}_{\ 88}{\rm Ra}\; \rightarrow \, ^{222}_{\ 86}{\rmRn}+\;^4_2{\rm He}.

The superscript preceding each element indicates the nucleon numberof that particular nucleus (total number of protons and neutrons).The subscript indicates the charge of the nucleus, which is equalto the atomic number for nuclei. Nuclear reactions frequentlyinvolve electrons (sometimes called beta rays) and photons(sometimes called gamma rays). Electrons, which have nucleon number0 and charge -1, are represented in equations as either ^{\ \;0}_{-1}\beta or ^{\ \; 0}_{-1}{\rm e}. Photons are represented as^{0}_{0}\gamma to emphasize that they have no nucleon number andcarry no charge.

In nuclear reactions, several conservation laws are usuallysufficient to determine the products or reactants. One of these isconservation of nucleon number. The total number of neutrons andprotons in all of the reactants must be the same as the totalnumber of protons and neutrons in the products. Although protonsand neutrons sometimes change into one another, neither can simplydisappear. Another important conservation law is conservation ofcharge. The net charge of the reactants must be the same as that ofthe products.

Notice that, in our equation for the decay of radium, the sum ofthe nucleon numbers on each side is 226 and the sum of the chargeson each side is 88. If you knew everything in this equation exceptthe isotope of radon produced, you could simply subtract 4 from 226to find the nucleon number required to make the nucleon number ofthe products equal the nucleon number of the reactants. Similarly,if you knew everything in this equation except for the identity ofthe product element, you could simply subtract 2 from 88 and thenlook in a periodic table to find that the element with atomicnumber 86 is radon.

In parts A and B consider the decay of radon by alpha particleemission:

^{222}_{\ 86}{\rm Rn}\;\rightarrow\;X +\,^{4}_{2}{\rm He}.

a. What is the nucleon number of the element X?
Express your answer as an integer.

b. What is the atomic number (nuclear charge) of the elementX?
Express your answer as an integer.

n parts C and D consider the decay of Potassium-43 into calcium-43via the following reaction:

^{43}_{19}{\rm K} \rightarrow ^{43}_{20}{\rm Ca}+\,X.

c. What is the charge of the emitted particle X?
d. is not visible yet

E. An isotope of potassium with a half-life of roughly one billionyears is often used in radioactive dating. This isotope decaysthrough electron capture, the process of drawing an electron intothe nucleus. What is the chemical symbol for the element thatresults from this process? The equation for the reaction is

^{40}_{19}{\rm K}+\,^{\ \;0}_{-1}{\rm e}\rightarrow \,?.
Express your answer as a chemical symbol (e.g., Na forsodium).

f. The reaction energy of a reaction is the amount of energyreleased by the reaction. It is found by determining the differencein mass between the reactants and products and then using E=mc^2 toconvert the lost mass into the released energy.

Look again at the equation for the decay of radium (Ra), given inthe introduction. Use the following table of masses to determinethe reaction energy of this reaction.
Nucleus or particle Mass in atomic mass units
radium-226 226.025402
radon-222 222.017571
alpha particle 4.002602
Express your answer in joules to three significant figures.

please answer fully... thank you

GGR107H1 Chapter Notes -Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Organic Farming, Sustainable Agriculture

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