PHL232H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Susan Haack, Bertrand Russell, Basic Belief
Document Summary
Traditional responses to skepticism (i): knowledge as justified true belief and foundationalism about. (cid:373)ith looks at the (cid:272)lo(cid:272)k o(cid:374) the trai(cid:374) statio(cid:374) a(cid:374)d its (cid:1005)(cid:863)(cid:1005)7, (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h i(cid:374) fa(cid:272)t it is the current time. The (cid:272)lo(cid:272)k is (cid:271)roke(cid:374), a(cid:374)d it has (cid:271)ee(cid:374) for (cid:1006) da(cid:455)s, it(cid:859)s just a (cid:272)oi(cid:374)(cid:272)ide(cid:374)(cid:272)e that s(cid:373)ith is looki(cid:374)g at this. If you are tempted to say smith now knows that it is 1:17, wait a moment. (cid:271)roke(cid:374) (cid:272)lo(cid:272)k at o(cid:374)e of the rare (cid:373)o(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:449)he(cid:374) it is(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:449)rong. Bertrand russell offered the broken clock story in a book he published as an example of a true belief (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h did(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:272)ou(cid:374)t as k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge. Unlike the irrationally optimistic lottery ticket buyer, smith is being completely reasonable: he has what might seem like perfectly respectable evidence for his true belief about the time. Normally when someone asks you the time, you look at your clock and answer.
