BIOL 1111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 22: Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Gram Staining, Obligate Anaerobe

Prokaryotes are fundamentally different than eukaryotes;therefore pick one topic and discuss.

1. Types of flagella
2. Fimbriae
3. Pili
4. Glycocalyx - slime layer
5. Glycocalyx - capsule
6. Mycoplasmas
7. Fluid Mosaic model
8. Types of storage bodies
9. Endospores (what are they, how do they form)
10. Medically significant endospores
11. Bacterial shapes - cocci
12. Bacterial shapes - bacilli
13. Bacterial shapes - spirochetes
14. Bacterial shapes - curviform
15. Bacterial arrangements (groupings)
16. Species and strains
17. Cyanobacteria
18. Green and purple sulfur bacteria
19. Rickettsias
20. Chlamydias
21. Archaea
22. Types of environments for Archaea
23. Basic components of a prokaryote
24. Taxonomy to include Bergy’s
25. What is life?

1- How is the DNA of prokaryotes organized? In chromosomes? Ifso, how many, what shape?

2- what are the characteristic shapes of individual bacteriaceells? Give Latin and English terms.

3- why do Gram-positive bacteria retain the violet dye?

4- what is the difference between a chemolithotroph and achemoheterotroph?

5- Differentiate between the following sets of relatedterms:

A) prokaryotic/eukaryotic.

B) obligate anaerobe/facultative anaerobe/obligate aerobe.

C)Gram-positive/ Gram-negative.

6- The Gram stain test separates most types of bacteria into twogroupe. What steps are involved in this test?

HELP WITH BIO MULTI CHOICE QUESTIONS:

QUESTION 2

Which of the following structures discussed in class is NOT found on all bacteria?
Flagella
Capsid
Fimbria
Plasma membrane

QUESTION 3
You are presented with a strain of bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. What steps would you take to confirm that you have a resistant bacterium?
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-negative bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-negative bacteria.

QUESTION 4
With respect to bacterial growth into a fresh culture tube containing nutrient broth, at which phase do organisms undergo binary fission the most rapidly?
Lag phase
Stationary
Exponential
death

QUESTION 5
How would antibiotic resistance be passed from one bacterium to another bacterium?
Through the flagella via a plasmid.
Through the sex pilus via chromosomal DNA.
Through the sex pilus via a plasmid.
Through the flagella via chromosomal DNA.

QUESTION 6
When an F plasmid integrates into the host chromosome, the strain is referred to as

Hfr.
F'.
F-.
F+.

QUESTION 7
If you remove the peptidoglycan layer from a Gram-positive cell, it would still stain purple with a Gram stain (T/F).
True
False

QUESTION 8
During infection with a bacteriophage, bacterial DNA is packaged into a capsid and will:

be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon ligation.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon liagation.

QUESTION 9
Which of the following statements best describes most bacteria?
They are generally harmful.
They are limited to living in a few habitats.
They are very common in the environment.
They are responsible for the “common cold.”

QUESTION 10
Prokaryotes lack some parts found in eukaryotic cells, including which item?
a nuclear membrane
DNA
one or more chromosomes
a plasma membrane
all of the above

QUESTION 11
With respect to gram negative bacteria, what is the order of the bacterial cell structure from outside to inside?
Thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

QUESTION 12
In transformation, a piece of DNA from a dead host can be taken up by living host

True
False