BIOL 2070 Chapter 6: Microbiology Topic 6 part 1
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7 Feb 2017
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Microbiology topic 6: genetics, genomics, and studying the microbiome. Genetics: the study of heredity and variation of inherited characteristics. Bacterial and archaeal cells contain chromosome(s) in nucleoid. Bacteria do not have histones; they have different dna-binding proteins. Archaea have histones, though they are a little different from those in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells contain chromosome(s) in membrane-bound nucleus and the dna is wound around histone proteins. There are some differences in structure and organization of genetic material across the three domains. All organisms have at least one chromosome, which includes the hereditary information encoded in dna sequences. Bacteria and archaea do not have a nucleus: they usually have circular chromosomes. Eukaryotic linear chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell. In addition to dna, when looking at chromosomes, there are some associated proteins, and these also differ depending on which organism we are looking at. Most bacteria have single, circular, dsdna chromosome. Extra-chromosomal dna plasmids present in some cells.
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Related Questions
QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |