Biology 2581B Chapter Notes - Chapter 18, 26: Gene Duplication, Entertainment Uk, Exon
20 Jan 2020
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Many proteins are composed of groups of amino acids called domains that have discrete functions or molecular structure of proteins: ex dna-binding domains. Exons often encode discrete functional domains of proteins. Some genes elongated and evolved new functions due to duplication and divergence of some exons: ex immunoglobulins contain repeated tandem duplications, creating several similar segments. Some gene families are arrayed in tandem on the same chromosome, others are dispersed among different chromosomes. Provides a mechanism for the addition of new genes with novel functions. Whole genomes of some organisms have been duplicated in the past: genes can acquire new functions, or become nonfunctional. Genome sequencing provides information about gene content and organization as well as information about evolutionary relationships among organisms. Comparative genomics is the field of genomics that studies similarities and differences in gene content, function and organization among genomes of different organisms. Proks have a much smaller genome size than euks.
